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Plasma: Plasma Science
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Plasma science is the study of the ionized states of matter. Plasmas occur quite naturally whenever ordinary matter is heated to a temperature greater than about 10,000 degrees C. The resulting plasmas are electrically charged gases or fluids. They are profoundly influenced by the long-range Coulomb interactions of the ions and electrons and by the presence of magnetic fields, either applied externally or generated by current flows within the plasma. The dynamics of such systems are complex, and understanding them requires new concepts and techniques.
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The Consortium for Plasma Science seeks a universal approach to eradicate pathogens from human plasma without destroying the functionality of the plasma proteins and provides R&D funding worldwide. The Consortium is co-funded by four plasma fractionation companies, which share safety as a common goal: Alpha Therapeutic Corporation, a subsidiary of the Japanese pan-national Welfide; Bayer Corporation; Baxter Healthcare Corporation; and Aventis Behring, L.L.C. The Consortium, which is a separate entity from its member companies, hopes to accelerate the emergence of new technologies.
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Plasma science impacts daily life in many significant ways. Low-temperature plasmas, in which electric fields in the plasma can impart significant energy to the electrons and ions but the plasmas are still cool enough to support a multitude of chemical reactions, are critical to the processing of many modern materials. This method of "plasma processing" is an enabling technology in the fabrication of semiconductors. Important applications include the plasma etching of semiconductors and the surface modification and growth of new materials. A recent National Research Council report[1], which highlights the importance of plasma processing in the electronics industry, indicates that the worldwide sale of plasma reactors alone amounted to $1 billion dollars in 1990 and is expected to double in the next five years. Other important uses of low-temperature plasmas include the "cold" pasteurization of foods, the sterilization of medical products, environmental cleanup, gas discharges for lighting and lasers, isotope separation, switching and welding technology, and plasma-based space propulsion systems.
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Under the Agreement, the Consortium for Plasma Science will provide initial funding to cover Boston Biomedica's research efforts, with subsequent funding contemplated during the first half of 2000, and annually thereafter, based on the achievement of mutually agreed upon milestones. The Agreement provides for Boston Biomedica to pay the Consortium a royalty on future product sales.
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Plasma astrophysics is not yet recognized as a coherent discipline by any federal funding agency. Yet, plasma astrophysics deals with phenomena that are important to virtually all aspects of astronomy and astrophysics, and many of these problems are central to basic plasma physics. The panel recommends that there be established interdisciplinary programs in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and in the National Science Foundation to fund research in plasma astrophysics, including research on basic plasma processes relevant to astrophysical systems but not tied to any particular application.
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NEC 50XC10 Plasma, this hi-fi display solution has come equipped with different up-market and upgraded features in the market in order to rule over. Various mentionable features in NEC 50XC10 Plasma are like complete RS-232 input and output control providing easy set-up to control systems, removable top/bottom bezel creating an all-black cabinet to adapt to the ambiance of any room, comprehensive input panel incorporating HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) with HDCP input producing the latest in digital connectivity etc. To soothe the eyes of viewers, NEC 50XC10 Plasma is further enthralled with the market-boosting features like crystal clear video performance allowing for near flawless interpolation of moving images for a smoother picture with greater detail and deeper blacks and Imaging Science Foundation-certified calibration controls giving calibration settings for day and night viewing.
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