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Pilate: Roman Empire
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Pilate was governor of Judea for the years 26-37CE. His appointment as governor indicates that he came from a wealthy, powerful, elite Roman family. His family, and Pilate himself, was probably well connected with the emperor Tiberius. Philo and Josephus’ accounts of Pilate’s actions, including his use of funds from the Jerusalem temple to fund the building of an aqueduct, suggest that he shared an insensitivity to Jewish customs that was typical of elite Roman prejudices toward provincials.
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Pilate's coins are Roman coins, the words on them are Greek, they were circulated in Judea, and today they are to be found distributed among world-wide collectors after having spent 2000 years buried in the earth. They were minted and used during a period which produced an event destined to change the face of the world, and issued at the command of one of the principal actors in that event. An amazing and dramatic destiny for apparently such humble and unassuming little coins !
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As Roman prefect, Pilate would not have wanted to accede to the demands of the Jewish high priest (though, at the time, the latter was himself a Roman appointee). If Jesus were guilty of anything, it was blasphemy, which was a crime against Jewish, but not Roman, law. As the hearing proceeded, Jesus became a pawn in the hands of both his accusers and Pilate. The accusation against him was quickly changed to treason, forcing Pilate to conduct an interview that convinced him of the falseness of the charge (Luke 23:2-4.). Pilate's reaction only enraged Jesus' accusers, who began to recount his supposed seditious acts while in Galilee.
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In A.D. 26, Pilate assumed the role of procurator of Judea on behalf of the Roman government, which office he remained in for about ten years. The term procurator is a generic designation for a Roman ruler, suggesting one who administers finances. Another title he had, now known from an extra-biblical source, is praefectus, a military designation suggesting a commander over a band of soldiers (500 to 1,000). This was a sort of imperial police force. There is no conflict between these titles.
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Pilate kept the Roman peace in Palestine but with little understanding of the people. Sometimes he had to yield; as when he had sent the standards, by night, into the Holy City, and was besieged for five days by suppliants who had rushed to Caesarea (Jos. Ant. 31; B. J. ii. ix. 2, 3); and again when he hung up inscribed shields in Jerusalem, and was ordered by Tiberius to remove them to the other city (Philo ad Gaium 38). Sometimes he struck more promptly; as when the mob protested against his using the temple treasure to build an aqueduct for Jerusalem, and he disguised his soldiers to disperse them with clubs (Jos.
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When the Saviour was brought into the judgment hall, Pilate looked upon Him with no friendly eyes. The Roman governor had been called from his bedchamber in haste, and he determined to do his work as quickly as possible. He was prepared to deal with the prisoner with magisterial severity. Assuming his severest expression, he turned to see what kind of man he had to examine, that he had been called from his repose at so early an hour. He knew that it must be someone whom the Jewish authorities were anxious to have tried and punished with haste.
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