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Pilate: Pontius Pilatus
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Pilate's name may be derived from L "pilus" meaning "spear" He appears in the Bible, in various Apocrypha, and in the historical works of Philo of Alexandria (Leg. ad Caj. 38) and Flavius Josephus (Antiq. 18:3, 4 and Bell. II:9, 2-4). A legend cited in the encyclopedia holds that he appears once each year on Mount Pilatus in Switzerland.
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A ruthless, but human and complex, Pontius Pilate is portrayed in the classic work of Mikhail Bulgakov, The Master and Margarita. In it he exemplifies the statement "Cowardice is the worst of vices" and... serves a model, in an allegorical interpretation of the work, of all the people who "washed their hands" by silently or actively agreeing with the crimes of Joseph Stalin.
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There is a great mass of literature on the subject, but there is no English monograph on Pontius Pilate. In German there is G.A. Muller, Pontius Pilatus der funfe Prokurator von Judaa (Stuttgart, 1888). See ... the various articles on Pilate in books of reference on the New Testament, notably RE (von Dobschiitz), HDB (G. T. Purves), DCG (A. Souter), and Encyclopedia Biblica (W.
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Critics miss the point in Gibson's portrayal of Pontius Pilate. That's because he is the patron saint of doubt and ... attractive to an age that regards doubt itself as a virtue.
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