LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Philip Ii of France: Philip Ii Augustus
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Philip II Augustus would play a significant role in one of the greatest centuries of innovation in construction and in education. With Paris as his capital, he had the main thoroughfares paved, built a central market, Les Halles, continued the construction begun in 1163 of the Gothic Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral, constructed the Louvre as a fortress and gave a charter to the University of Paris in 1200. Under his guidance, Paris became the first city of teachers the medieval world had known. In 1224, the French poet Henry d'Andeli wrote of the great wine tasting competition that Philip II Augustus commissioned The Battle of the Wines.
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Did Richard the Lionheart and Philip II Augustus have a homosexual affair? The following passages from Roger of Hoveden have been cited to suggest that they did. Other commentators think that the passages refer to political or "friendship" arrangements. To hold this position requires that one see neither of the passages below as having any relationship to homosexuality.
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Pope Innocent III declared that this new marriage was null and void, since Philip II Augustus was still wed to Ingeborg. He ordered the King to part from Agnès and when he did not, the Pope placed France under an interdict in 1199. This continued until September 7, 1200. Due to pressure from the Pope and from Ingeborg's brother, King Valdemar II of Denmark, Philip II Augustus finally took Ingeborg back as his Queen in 1213.
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Philip Ii Augustus