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Perl: Perl Programming
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When used on the web, Perl is often used in conjunction with the Apache web server and its mod_perl module. This embeds the perl binary into the webserver so the CGI script need not fire up a new copy each time it's accessed. Other features such as database connection persistence greatly reduce the access times to the page.
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The spelling "Perl" is preferred over the older "PERL" (even though some explain the language's name as originating in the acronym for "Practical Extraction and Report Language"). The program that interprets/compiles Perl code is called "perl", typically "/usr/local/bin/perl" or "/usr/bin/perl".
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Perl 6 Essentials is the first book that offers a peek into the development of the new Perl language while it's still in flux. Written by members of the Perl 6 core development team, the book covers the development not only of Perl 6 syntax but ... Parrot, the language-independent interpreter developed as part of the Perl 6 design strategy. This book is essential reading for anyone committed to the Perl community. It will satisfy their curiosity and show how changes in the language will make it more powerful and easier to use.
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Perl is Free Software, available under the Artistic License and the GPL. It was developed on Unix, and its Unix roots are pervasive. Perl is available for most operating systems but is particularly prevalent on Unix and Unix-like systems, and is growing in popularity on Microsoft Windows systems. However, it has been ported to a multitude of environments (some say as many as Java). It's a popular systems administration tool in Windows. Most of the things done in Perl transfer well from one operating system to another (provided suggested conventions are followed).
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In the terminology of Perl 6, $.x is called an "attribute". Some languages call these fields or members. The method used to access an attribute is called an "accessor". Auto-accessors are methods that are created automatically, as the method x is in the example above. These accessor functions return the value of the attribute. When a class or individual attribute is declared with the is rw modifier (short for "read/write"), the auto-accessor can be passed a new value to set the attribute to, or it can be directly assigned to as an lvalue (as in the example).
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Perl is an iterative language in which control flows from the first statement in the program to the last statement unless something interrupts. Some of the things that can interrupt this linear flow are conditional branches and loop structures. Perl offers approximately a dozen such constructs. Each of these basic constructs are described along with examples illustrating their use.
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