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Parma: Cities
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Parma was under French influence after the Peace of Aachen (1748). Parma became a modern state with the energetic action of prime minister Guillaume du Tillot. He created the bases for a modern industry and fought strenuously against the church's privileges. The city lived a period of particular splendour: the Palatine Library, the Archaeological Museum, the Picture Gallery and the Botanical Garden were founded, together with the Royal Printing Works directed by Giambattista Bodoni.
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Parma, Ohio, in Cuyahoga county, is 6 miles S of Cleveland, Ohio. The people of the city are in the Cleveland - Lorain - Elyria metropolitan area. Parma has a population of 85,655.
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Under the Frankish rule, Parma became the capital of a county (774). Like most northern Italian cities, it was nominally a part of the Holy Roman Empire created by Charlemagne, but locally ruled by its bishops, first being Guidobus. In the subsequent struggles between Papacy and Empire, Parma was usually member of the Imperial party. Two of its bishops became antipopes: Càdalo, founder of the Cathedral, as Honorius II); and Guibert, as Clement III). An almost independent commune was created around 1140. After the Peace of Constance (1183), quarrels with the neighbouring communes of Reggio Emilia, Piacenza and Cremona became harsher: the aim was the control over the vital trading line over the Po River.
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Parma ranks as one of the safest cities in the United States with a population between 60,000 and 100,000. Parma's ranking has declined in recent years from 17th safest to 19th safest. As of 3 November 2006, the rank has fallen further to 32nd.[3] See the history section of this article for possible reasons for this decline.
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The city of Parma is located in north central Italy, mid-way between Milan and Bologna. With a population of 170,000, this city is nestled in the fertile valley of the Po River in the heart of the richest of all Italian provinces, the Emilia-Romagna. Although it may not be an indispensable stop on every foreign traveler's Italian Grand Tour, Parma is a place with a rich history and culture that radiates far beyond the boundaries of its city limits.
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Parma is situated in Emilia-Romagna, a region of northern Italy. It is in a central geographical position, on the west-east axis of the via Aemilia, as well as the north-south route from the Po River valley to Liguria and Tuscany. The city is easily-accessible, located halfway between Milan and Florence, both about two hours away by train or car.
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