LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Ovulation: Ovulation Disorder
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Ovulation induction is the therapy given to a problem called Ovulation Disorder. Ovulation requires a delicate balance of hormones. It happens when there is a proper regulation of FSH and LH along what is called the "hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis". The hypothalamus and pituitary are next door neighbors in the brain. They work together to ultimately produce FSH from the ovaries. (For this explanation they will be referred to as the "brain".)
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Ovulation disorders are a common cause of infertility and are present in up to 30% of cases. Every month a normally ovulating female recruits eggs that develop to maturity and are released according to precise timing governed by hormone relationships in the menstrual cycle. Lack of ovulation is termed "anovulation" and irregular ovulation is termed "oligoovulation".
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Ovulation induction, in ovulatory women, is always combined with intrauterine insemination. Ovulation induction should only progress after a complete and thorough evaluation. All underlying hormonal disorders (such as thyroid dysfunction) should be treated prior to resorting to ovulation induction with fertility drugs.
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Ovulation disorders can be caused by elevated levels of prolactin. Sometimes a non malignant tumor can be present at the base of the pituitary gland and cause a condition known as hyperprolactinemia, which means elevated levels of the hormone prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone responsible for breast milk production during pregnancy. Symptoms of hyperprolactinemia include increased breast milk production in the absence of pregnancy and irregular, or no ovulation.
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There are different levels of ovulation induction commonly used to treat infertility related to ovulation disorders, male factor or unknown causes. One method of treatment involves clomiphene citrate (Clomid or Serophene) taken in pill form for 5 days at the beginning of a cycle. For women whose only infertility problem is an ovulation, up to 80% of patients will ovulate using this medication and 40% of those will conceive. Clomiphene may be combined with intrauterine insemination to boost the success of the medication by placing the sperm and egg in closer proximity to each other.
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One of the most common causes of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which include irregular ovulation (oligoovulation) or no ovulation (anovulation). Anovulation is usually associated with complete lack of menses (amenorrhea) unless progestational agents such as Provera® or Prometrium® are given. The ovulatory cycle begins with egg recruitment followed by follicular development, thickening and vascularization of the endometrium, various hormonal interactions, and a spike in luteinizing hormone (LH) which stimulates ovulation once the eggs mature. This is followed by fertilization and implantation of the embryo into the endometrium.
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Ovulation Disorder