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Orthodox Judaism: Modern Orthodox Judaism
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Orthodox Judaism today is composed of many different groups with beliefs, practices and theologies that interlace. In general terms, the Orthodox movements are very similar as all follow the basic and fundamental commandments of Shabbat observance, kosher dietary laws, family purity, etc. However, there are significant social and halachic (Jewish law) differences in their varying attitudes concerning religious, social, and political issues. Issues that divide the orthodox movements include the role of women in Judaism, the relations with non-Orthodox Jews, attitudes toward modern culture, and the relation to the modern State of Israel.
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Conservative Judaism may be said to be a moderate position between Orthodox and Reform Judaism. It seeks to conserve the traditional elements of Judaism, while allowing for modernization to a less radical extent than Reform Judaism. The teachings of Zacharias Frankel (1801-75) form the foundation of Conservative Judaism. Full article ยป
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Orthodox Judaism is not a unified movement; rather it is composed of many different groups with intersecting beliefs, practices and theologies. In their broad patterns, the Orthodox movements are very similar in their observance and beliefs. However, they maintain significant social differences, and differences in understanding halakha due to their varying attitudes concerning (a) the role of women in Judaism, (b) relations with non-Orthodox Jews, (c) attitudes toward modern culture, and (d) how to relate to the modern State of Israel.
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Conservative Judaism teaches that Jews should offer three prayer services daily and follow other traditional customs, such as wearing a kippah when praying (some Conservative Jews wear a kippah at all times, as do Orthodox Jews). But Conservative Judaism ... tries to accommodate the modern world. Conservative Jews generally send their children to public schools, supplementing this with religious schooling several times a week Conservative religious schools emphasize the Hebrew language and knowledge of the Bible.
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Modern Orthodox Judaism is a philosophy that attempts to adapt Orthodox Judaism and interaction with the surrounding gentile, modern world. Modern Orthodoxy stresses that if guided by Jewish values, this interaction is in fact desirable and intellectually profitable.
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Modern Orthodox Judaism emphasizes strict observance of religious laws and commandments but with a broad, liberal approach to modernity and living in a non-Jewish or secular environment. Modern Orthodox women are gradually assuming a greater role in Jewish ritual practice, which is not acceptable in the Haredi community.
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Modern Orthodox Judaism