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Orthodox Judaism: Conservative Jews
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The fundamental beliefs of Orthodox Judaism are listed in the thirteen principles of faith, compiled by the Rambam. According to all authorities, when a Jew does not acknowledge all of these principles without exception, this constitutes kefirah (heresy). Following is an English translation of the slightly adapted version which is included in most siddurim (prayer books) at the conclusion of shacharis (the morning service).
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According to Orthodox Judaism, Jewish law today is based on the commandments in the Torah, as viewed through the discussions and debates contained in classical rabbinic literature, especially the Mishnah and the Talmud. Orthodox Judaism ... holds that the halakha represents the "will of God", either directly, or as closely to directly as possible. The laws are from the word of God in the Torah, using a set of rules also revealed by God to Moses on Mount Sinai, and have been derived with the utmost accuracy and care, and thus the Oral Law is considered to be no less the word of God. If some of the details of Jewish law may have been lost over the millennia, they were reconstructed in accordance with internally consistent rules; see The 13 rules by which Jewish law was derived.
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Haredi Judaism is often translated as ultra-Orthodox Judaism, although Haredi Jews themselves object to this translation. Haredi Jews consider themselves to be the true Jews, and consider all the more liberal forms of Judaism to be unauthentic. Learn more about Haredim.
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Orthodoxy Judaism is loosely affliated set of Jewish movements that are characterized by a strict adherence to traditional Jewish law codes, and to classical Jewish theology. Like all denominations of Judaism, Orthodoxy is not identical to the forms of Judaism that existed in the times of Moses, nor even identical to the Judaism which existed in the time of the Mishnah and Talmud. The practices and worldview held by Orthodox Jews developed in the 18th and 19th century, in resistance to the emancipation and enlightenment movements. Orthodoy considers itself the only true heir to the Jewish tradition, and most of it considers all other Jewish movements to be unacceptable deviations from tradition.
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There are actually many varieties of Orthodox Judaism. The following article provides an introduction to the philosophical underpinnings of Orthodoxy. Related articles detail the history of specific Orthodox groups, from a portrait of Samson Raphael Hirsch, the founder of neo-Orthodoxy, to the development of Orthodox Judaism in America. Reprinted with permission from The Jewish Religion: A Companion, published by Oxford University Press.
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Many people say things about Orthodox Judaism that are not accurate. Not all Orthodox Jews are expert on all aspects of Orthodox Judaism. Check things out for yourself, especially if what you hear strikes you as strange or is inconsistent with your own experience. Torah-true Judaism is a viable option for every Jew in every walk of life and profession.
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