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Nuremberg Trials: Crimes
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What the Nuremberg Trials did not do was bend over backwards to give the defendants every advantage. The civilized countries that put together the trials understood the difference between their task and the job of prosecuting everyday criminals.
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After the first Nuremberg trial, a dozen other trials were held through the authority of Control Council Law No. 10. About 185 individuals were indicted in these cases. Those indicted included doctors who conducted horrible medical experiments on concentration camp inmates and prisoners of war, industrialists who looted the occupied countries and created forced-labor programs, and judges who committed murder and crimes hiding behind the judicial process. Others who were indicted included military leaders and civilian officials who were responsible for the criminal acts and decrees of the Third Reich. Although 35 defendants were acquitted, a number of doctors and officials were condemned to death by hanging. At least 120 others were imprisoned.
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Witnesses to Nuremberg: An Oral History of American Participants at the War Crimes Trials brings this historic event into focus on a very personal level. Oral historians Bruce M. Stave and Michele Palmer, with the assistance of Leslie Frank, have conducted a series of interviews with Americans who were involved in the trials and through eleven compelling oral histories get behind the scenes to recreate the American community at Nuremberg. These first person accounts humanize history as readers share the experiences of American prosecutors, security personnel, journalists, and even the architect who designed the courtroom. Since the interviewees represent average people and not the "stars" of Nuremberg, their voices speak directly to the reader in terms that a modern audience can understand.
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Following the sentences of the Nuremberg trials of major war criminals, the occupying powers held follow-up trials against jurists, doctors, industrials, and other Nazi organisations such as the SS Task Forces. In the zones of the Western Allies, the military courts brought charges against 5,025persons. The death penalty was imposed in 806 cases and executed in 481 cases (including the Nuremberg sentences). In his book "Werner Best. Biographische Studien über Radikalismus, Weltanschauung und Vernunft, 1903-1989" (Werner Best. Biographical Studies on Radicalism, Weltanschauung, and Reason, 1903-1989", published in 1996 in Bonn, Germany, Ulrich Herbert, Professor of Modern History at the University of Freiburg, demonstrates the creeping rehabilitation of Nazi criminals in the fledgling Federal Republic of Germany on the basis of the biography of a top functionary of the Reich Security Main Office.
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Bernard D. Meltzer, a professor who helped bring clarity to labor-management at a time of great change in the field, who was a prosecutor at the Nuremberg war crimes trials and who helped draft the UN Charter, died at 92. In 1943, he joined the Navy and was assigned to the OSS (Office of Strategic Services). He led a team who gathered evidence against executives who had financed the Nazi war machine. He conducted the pretrial interrogation of Hermann Göring, and presented the case against Walther Funk. In describing the record-keeping that the Nazis employed for their system of death camps: "It was a lawyer’s dream, but a humanist’s nightmare."
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The chief prosecutor of the four-power Nuremberg trials (1945-1946) delivers the ultimate insider's account of the war-crimes prosecution of surviving Nazi leaders. A National Book Critics Circle Award winner for Munich: The Price of Peace , Taylor explains how the Allied governments established the legal basis for the tribunal and organized the courtroom proceedings. He introduces the defendants--Goring, Hess, Ribbentrop, Speer et al.--defines the charges against them, outlines the evidence and recounts individual defense strategies, closing arguments, judicial sentences and (in the case of those condemned to death) the details of their executions. Taylor casts doubt on the legality of the charges against Nazi publisher Julius Streicher and argues that Rudolf Hess, mentally incapable of defending himself, should not have been tried. (Incidentally, he clears up the intrigue surrounding how former Luftwaffe chief Hermann Goring managed to conceal the cyanide capsule with which he committed suicide.) This gripping eyewitness report of an unprecedented international military tribunal is the definitive work on the subject. Photos.
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