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Nunavut: Nunavut Land Claims
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The Nunavut Land Claims Agreement is the largest Aboriginal land claim settlement in Canadian history. When the Agreement was signed, legislation was ... passed leading to the creation of a new territory called Nunavut on April 1, 1999. The new territo ry will have a public government serving both Inuit and non-Inuit.
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One of the most significant parts of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement is the establishment of new co-management bodies to protect the land, water, and wildlife of Nunavut. These are called Institutions of Public Government, or IPGs for short. The members of these organizations are residents of Nunavut and are nominated by the governments of Canada and Nunavut and by Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. The IPGs are responsible for land use planning, wildlife management, water use, and assessing the impacts of proposed development projects and other activities.
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The Nunavut Land Claims Agreement of 1993 authorized the creation of the new territory of Nunavut, with the federal government splitting the Northwest Territories into two parts on 1 April 1999 (the eastern portion being the new territory). The agreement gave the Inuit rights to 355,842 square kilometers (137,355 square miles or 19% of Nunavut's total area), with mineral rights to 35,257 square kilometers (13,069 square miles). In addition, the federal government agreed to pay the Inuit C$1.148 billion between 1993 and 2007. The Inuit ... received territorial hunting rights, a greater role in the management of land and the environment, and a share of government royalties from oil, gas, and minerals extracted from federal lands.
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On April 1, 1999, Nunavut separated from the Northwest Territories to become the newest Canadian territory. The creation of Nunavut was the outcome of the largest aboriginal land claims agreement between the Canadian government and the native Inuit people. The Inuit, who make up 83% of Nunavut's 24,730 residents, will be one of the first indigenous peoples in the Americas to achieve self-government. Nunavut means "our land" in Inuktitut, the Inuit language.
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Although territories don't have as much power over their own affairs as provinces do, the situation with Nunavut is a little different. That's because, thanks to the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement (NLCA), the Nunavut government gained some decision-making capacity in areas of jurisdiction that the federal government normally keeps for itself in Canada's territories.
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In order to ensure the promises made in the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement are carried out, Nunavut Tunngavik Inc (NTI) was set up in 1993. It is a private corporation, representing the nearly 19,500 Inuit of Nunavut. NTI debates issues and makes decisions stemming from the land claim settlement covering the environment, Inuit hunter's support, pension plans for the elderly and business development in Nunavut.
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