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Nunavut: Nunavut Government
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As the capital city of Nunavut, government services are a major employer in the Iqaluit area. In addition the growth of mining and oil and gas operations in Nunavut means these industries are increasing their presence in Iqaluit. The city is growing at a rapid pace, expanding its population nearly 20% in the past 5 years.
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The Nunavut government is a public government, elected by all residents, Inuit and non-Inuit. But because Inuit make up the majority of the population, they can shape the government to reflect their culture, traditions and goals. The government of Nunavut enables Inuit to assume their rightful place in Canada’s federation and take charge of their own destiny.
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Nunavut has a territorial government. This territorial government has many of the same political powers assigned to provinces under the Canadian constitution, but powers assigned to Nunavut are delegated to the territory by the national government in Ottawa, Ontario. These powers extend over health care, housing, renewable resources, and social services. In 1998 discussions began regarding the transfer of control over nonrenewable resources (such as minerals, oil, and gas) to the territorial government, but this issue remains unresolved. One reason is that royalties from nonrenewable resources on federal land go to Ottawa, not Iqaluit, and royalties from minerals on Inuit-owned land are split between Ottawa and the Inuit. The federal government has powers over the territory in other areas, such as taxation, foreign affairs, and the armed forces.
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Nunavut is unique in North America as it has the first government to be administered primarily by Native people. As in the NWT and the Yukon, political power rests with elected representatives. Executive power is held by a 19-seat elected legislature. This assembly then appoints the premier for the territorial government.
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With 7,100 archeological sites in Nunavut and hundreds more being discovered each year, Inuit Heritage Trust play a key role in managing and protecting Nunavut's heritage resources. It reviews applications to conduct archeological research, consults with government and Inuit oranizations on the loan and use of archeological, ethnographic and archival collections, and helps government to develop heritage policy and legislation. While it doesn't have services specifically for artists, it can help artists arrange to view artifacts at the Canadian Museum of Civilization in Hull, Quebec, or the Prince of Wales Heritage Centre in Yellowknife. Nunavut's artifacts are kept in those two locations until the territory gets its own territorial heritage center.
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To respond to the needs of its 28 far-flung communities, the Nunavut government is highly decentralized. Ten of its government departments are located in 11 different communities. Up-to-date communications technology plays an important role in this decentralized government structure.
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