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Nunavut: Nunavut Arctic
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Nunavut includes most of Canada north of the 60th parallel, except the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and portions of Québec and Newfoundland. Nunavut is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean and polar ice; on the northeast and east by Baffin Bay and Davis Strait; on the southeast by Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay; on the south by Manitoba; and on the west by the Northwest Territories. From the 60th parallel, Nunavut stretches 2,212 miles (3,560 kilometers) to the North Pole. Nunavut covers 870,424 square miles (2,254,402 square kilometers) and includes the islands in Hudson, James, and Ungava Bays. Across the Kennedy Channel in the far northeast, Greenland lies less than 25 miles (40 kilometers) from Nunavut's Ellesmere Island. Canada's geographic center is in Nunavut, about 19 miles northeast of Baker Lake.
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The establishment of Nunavut as a distinct territory under its own government fulfils a long-held aspiration of the eastern and central Arctic Inuit to control their own destiny. The form of self government the Inuit have chosen is unique to Nunavut. The Inuit are a majority of the population of the Nunavut area and therefore have a preponderant influence in a public government that was elected by all residents of Nunavut, Inuit and non-Inuit.
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Nunavut is an exciting arctic destination that offers a pristine, raw, non-commercialized, and a truly "you and nature" experience. The Inuit people are brilliant, industrious and innovative, and have survived here for thousands of years. Now it's your turn!
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Because most of Nunavut lies beyond the Arctic Circle, the region is characterized by long nights during the winter and long days during the summer. This phenomenon is most pronounced north of the Arctic Circle, where the sun remains above the horizon for 24 hours on the summer solstice (usually June 21 or 22) and never rises above the horizon on the winter solstice (usually December 21 or 22). The number of days that the sun stays above (or below) the horizon increases in higher latitudes until, at the North Pole, the sun doesn’t set for six months and doesn’t rise for the other six months.
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Historically, the territory now known as Nunavut became part of Canada during the late 19th century. Before that time the land in northern Canada had been owned by Britain and controlled by the Hudson's Bay Company. In 1870 part of the land known as Rupert's Land was sold to Canada; the islands within the Arctic Ocean, collectively known as the Arctic Archipelago, were transferred to Canada by Britain in 1880. Most of the Arctic Archipelago now falls within the jurisdiction of Nunavut; the remainder is part of the Northwest Territories.
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Wildlife watchers will not be disappointed; the arctic oasis of Lake Hazen is home to muskox and Peary caribou while polar bears roam vast tracts of Nunavut. Caribou, wolves, wolverine plus the barren ground grizzly prowl the endless tundra. Birwatchers in Bathurst Inlet and Wager Bay will be thrilled to find the healthiest peregrine falcon population in the world. Dozens of different bird species can be found during the summer months from McConnell River Sanctuary (Arviat) to the bird cliffs of Pond Inlet.
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Nunavut Arctic