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Normandy: French Normandy
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N[O]rmandy was part of ancient Gaul. Conquered by Julius Caesar in the 1st century BC, the area was incorporated into the Roman province of Lugdunensis in 27 BC. Franks overran the area during the 5th century. Beginning in the 9th century, NORMANS repeatedly raided the coast and began to settle there. In 911 the Normans were ceded the area by the French king CHARLES III. Their leader, Rollo, was recognized as the 1st duke of Normandy.
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Normandy is the native land of Taillevent, cook of the kings of France Charles V and Charles VI. He wrote the earliest French cookery book named Le Viandier. Confiture de lait was ... made in Normandy around the 14th century.
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Once in the power of the Capetians, Normandy became an important strategical point in the struggle against the English, masters of Poitou and Guyenne in the south of France. Norman sailors were enrolled by Philip VI of France for a naval campaign against England in 1340 which resulted in the defeat of Ecluse. Under John II the Good, the States of Normandy, angered by the ravages committed by Edward III of England on his landing in the province voted (1348-50) subsidies for the conquest of England. The Valois dynasty was in great danger when Charles the Bad, King of Navarre, who possessed important lands in Normandy, succeeded in 1356 in detaching from John II of France a number of Norman barons. John II appraising the danger came suddenly to Rouen, put several barons to death, and took Charles the Bad prisoner. Shortly afterwards Normandy was one of the provinces of France most faithful to the Dauphin Charles, the future Charles V, and the hope the English entertained in 1359 of seeing Normandy ceded to them by the Preliminaries of London was not ratified by the treaty of Brétigny (1360); Normandy remained French.
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The French reconquest of Normandy began around 1440 and was achieved in 1449-1450. The victory of Formigny, near Bayeux, caused the fall of the last fortresses still kept by the English. From 1461 to 1468, the French occupied Jersey but were exepelled by the inhabitants helped by the English fleet.
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S[E]ized by Geoffrey Plantagenet, count of Anjou, in 1144, Normandy was reunited with England when Geoffrey's son, HENRY II, succeeded to the English throne in 1154. After 1204, when PHILIP II of France conquered the area, Normandy was a French possession, but the English twice invaded it during the HUNDRED YEARS' WAR (1338-1453). They were finally expelled in 1450. Normandy lost its status as a province and administrative unit in 1790 and was divided into the departments of Calvados, Eure, Manche, Orne, and Seine-Maritime. In World War II the Normandy Invasion was the first step in the Allied invasion of Europe.
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Normandy and England were associated in a single state for 138 years, from 1066 to 1204. Guillaume was much more powerful than his theoretical suzereign, the French Capetian king, locked in his small domain. Guillaume was wise enough to never challenge the Capetian authority. The Norman barons and prelates received huge domains in England, and sent back a lot of money to Normandy. The ports on the Channel developed, including Caen, where Guillaume and his wife, Mathilde de Flandre, funded two abbeys. The union of Normandy and Flanders scared the pope and the king of France, and the foundation of the abbeys was Guillaume's answer.
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French Normandy