LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Norman England: Normandy
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After the Norman Conquest England witnessed a revival of monasticism. Barons with the resources derived from their new lands sought the redemption of their souls by making grants to religious houses in Normandy or by founding new ones in England ruled by French abbots. One of the earliest was Battle Abbey founded by William the Conqueror to atone for the bloodshed at Hastings. In the late 11th century the new houses were often in towns or close to baronial castles, emphasising the intimate relationship of secular and religious power in society. At the same time Benedictine rule ceased to be the only basis for monasticism and new orders, such as the Augustinian canons and Cistercian monks, appeared.
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The Normans were in contact with England from an early date. Not only were their original pagan Viking brethren still ravaging the English coasts, but they occupied most of the important ports opposite England across the Channel. This relationship eventually produced closer ties of blood through the marriage of Emma, sister of Duke Richard II of Normandy, and King Ethelred II of England. Because of this, Ethelred fled to Normandy in 1013, when he was forced from his kingdom by Sweyn Forkbeard. His stay in Normandy (until 1016) influenced him and his sons by Emma, who stayed in Normandy after Canute the Great's conquest of the isle. When finally Edward the Confessor returned from his father's refuge in 1041, at the invitation of his half-brother Hardecanute, he brought with him a very Norman-educated mind.
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The Warburtons claim consanguinity with the ancient blood-royal of England, being descended from Rollo, the first Duke of Normandy, through William, Earl of Eu, who married a niece of William the Conqueror. Richard, Duke of Normandy, (grand-son of Rollo) sur-named sans-peur, had Issue (besides his son Richard who succeeded him, his daughter Emma, Queen of England, and other children) two younger sons, Godfrey and William. To Godfrey, his father gave the earldoms of Eu and Brion. On His decease the latter earldom became the heritage of his posterity, branching out into the now extinct houses of the Earls of Clare and Pembroke, while William, the younger brother, succeeded him in the earldom of Eu. He had (besides others) his successor, Robert, father of William, who married a sister of Hugh Lupus, Earl of Avranches, (afterwards Earl of Chester) named Jeanne, and niece of William the Conqueror. There was Issue of this marriage (besides William's successor in the earldom of Eu and another child) six sons, named Nigel, Geffry, Odard or Huddard, Edard, Horswin and Wlofaith.
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