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Nobel Peace Prize: Alfred Nobel
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The Nobel Prizes will be handed out today in Stockholm on the anniversary of the death of Alfred Nobel (1833-1896). The Swedish chemist and engineer held 350 patents including one for dynamite. Wishing to be remembered for more peaceful things, Nobel bequeathed his fortune to establish the annual award for accomplishments in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and the promotion of international peace. In 1968, a prize for economics was added. This year's winners include Harold Pinter (Literature), Robert Aumann (Economics) and the IAEA (Peace).
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In recent years, the Nobel committee has broadened the interpretation of peacemaking and disarmament efforts outlined by Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel in creating the prize with his 1895 will. The prize now often ... recognizes human rights, democracy, elimination of poverty, sharing resources and the environment.
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The Nobel prize for literature is the highest international literary honor. First awarded in 1901, it is one of the prizes established by Alfred Bernhard Nobel, a 19th-century Swedish industrialist (see Nobel, Alfred; Nobel Prizes).
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Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden on 21. October 1833 and lived until 10. December 1896 when he died at his home in Italy. Nobel grew as a scholar of chemistry, and as a scholar of both the literary and philosophical disciplines. As a young man he was educated in St. Petersburg, Russia and traveled widely and became fluent in multiple foreign languages. As a chemist and industrialist he invented dynamite.
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There is an urban legend that Nobel refused to endow a mathematics prize after his wife had an affair with the mathematician Mittag-Leffler. This story is false as Alfred Nobel never actually married.[17]
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To that end, the committee most recently awarded the 2004 Peace Prize to African environmentalist Wangari Maathai, and Mjoes said there likely will be more like her in the future. Yet as Friday's 2005 award announcement of Mohamed ElBaradei and the International Atomic Energy Agency shows, Alfred Nobel's original anti-war ideal remains a central criteria in awarding the prize.
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