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Nitric Acid: Metals
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Nitric acid is a colourless liquid at room temperature. At high concentrations a red steam is developed due to the release of nitric oxide. The acid is then called red, steaming acid. It is very corrosive and a strong oxidant. Mixture of nitric acid together with other acids give special properties, it is for example possible to dissolve gold with a mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen chloride. Nitric acid can, at high concentration, dissolve many metals such as copper, silver and mercury.
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Fuming nitric acid is a complex solution containing a number of reactive ion sand compounds, dinitrogen trioxide (N203) and the N03 anion being the most prevalent. At temperatures below 75°C there is little metal corrosion, whereas at higher temperatures, the etch rate increases, as does the potential forexcessive metal etching.
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[I]n ICP-MS and ICP-AES techniques, nitric acid (with a concentration from 0.5% to 2.0%) is used as a matrix compound for determining metal traces in solutions. Ultrapure acid is required for such determination, because small amounts of metal ions could affect the result of the analysis.
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An inhibited fuming nitric acid (either IWFNA, or IRFNA) can be made by the addition of 0.6 to 0.7% hydrogen fluoride, HF. This fluoride is added for corrosion resistance in metal tanks (the fluoride creates a metal fluoride layer that protects the metal).
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