LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Nitric Acid: Hno3
built 629 days ago
Nitric acid (HNO3) is an extremely important chemical used in the manufacture of fertilisers and explosives. It is made from ammonia by the Ostwald Process (developed in 1902 by the German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald, who got the Nobel prize in 1909). This process reacts together O2 and NH3 at 850°C and 5 atmospheres pressure, with the help of Platinum and Rhodium catalysts, to make NO. This is then oxidised to NO2, which is then dissolved in water to make HNO3. The Ostwald process was discovered just in time for the First World War, and it contributed greatly to the extended length of that war. This is because previously Germany had no nitrate deposits of its own from which to make the nitric acid that was essential for the production of the explosives used in artillery shells, such as TNT and nitroglycerin. In fact, most of the nitrates were only available from guano, which is the droppings of fish-eating sea birds, and is found in large quantities on the islands off the coast of Peru.
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Nitric acid (HNO3) is an extremely important chemical used in the manufacture of fertilisers and explosives. It is made from ammonia by the Ostwald Process which was developed in 1902 by the German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald (below, left), who got the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1909. This process reacts together O2 and ammonia NH3 at 850°C and 5 atmospheres pressure, with the help of platinum and rhodium catalysts, to make NO gas. This is then oxidised to NO2, which is then dissolved in water to make HNO3.
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Nitric acid (HNO3) is a transparent, or yellowish fuming, suffocating, hygroscopic, corrosive liquid. Nitric acid is a strong mineral acid with oxidising properties. Miscible with water. Density and oxidising properties will vary with concentration. The acid is produced from ammonia by oxidation over platinum catalyst and absorption of formed nitrogen oxide in water. Concentrations up to 68 % can be produced by conventional distillations.
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Nitric acid (HNO3), (melting point -42°C, boiling point 83°C) is a colorless, corrosive liquid which is toxic and can cause severe burns. At room temperature it gives off red or yellow fumes. Commonly used as a laboratory reagent, it is used in the manufacture of explosives such as nitroglycerin and trinitrotoluene, and as well as fertilizers such as ammonium phosphate. It has additional uses in metallurgy, and refining as it reacts with most metals, and in organic syntheses.
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Nitric acid is an inorganic acid that is composed of approximately 22.2% nitrogen, 76.2% oxygen and 1.6% hydrogen. It is denoted by the chemical formula HNO3. It was one of the first acids to be prepared and studied. Jabir ibn Hayyan Geber (c....
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Drawing on the German World War II Wasserfall rocket, nitric acid (HNO3) became the early storable oxidiser of choice for missiles and upper stages of the 1950's. To overcome various problems with its use, it was necessary to combine the nitric acid with N2O4 and passivation compounds. These formulae were considered extremely secret at the time. The propellant combinations WFNA/ JP-4 and later IRFNA/JP-4 were the first storable systems given serious consideration in the United States. Problems which caused the abandoning of these propellants were the absence of reliable hypergolic ignition and unstable combustion. IRFNA/UDMH and IRFNA/JP-X finally did prove satisfactory.
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