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Nitric Acid: Explosives
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Nitric acid is a colorless, yellow, or red liquid. It is used in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, jewelry, urethanes, rubber chemicals, inorganic and organic nitrates, and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and other organic chemicals. It is used in the printing industry for photo-engraving, the engineering industry, metallurgy, etching steel, ore flotation, and reprocessing spent nuclear fuel. The largest use of nitric acid, approximately 74-78%, is for the manufacture of ammonium nitrate, followed by the manufacture of cyclohexanone (8-9%), dinitrotoluene (4%), and nitrobenzene (3-4%). Synonyms are azotic acid, hydrogen nitrate, nitrous fumes, nitryl hydroxide. acid nitrique (French), acido nitroco (Italian), acido nitrico (Spanish), aqua fortis, azotic acid, azotowy kwas (Polish), engraver's acid, hydrogen nitrate, Kyselina dusicne (Czech), nital, nitrous fumes, nitryl hydroxide, salpetersaure (German), salpeterzuuroplossingen (Dutch).
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The salts of nitric acid are called nitrates. Potassium nitrate, or saltpetre, and sodium nitrate are the nitrates of greatest commercial importance. Nearly all nitrates are soluble in water; one of the exceptions is bismuth subnitrate, BiONO3 ยท H2O, which is used in medicine for treating intestinal disorders. Amitol, a powerful explosive, is a mixture of ammonium nitrate and trinitrotoluene (TNT). The reaction of nitric acid with organic compounds yields many important nitrates, such as nitroglycerine and nitrocellulose. Calcium, sodium, potassium, and ammonium nitrates are used in fertilizers to provide a source of nitrogen for plant growth.
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In 1997, 9.074 million tons of nitric acid were produced in the United States, a decrease from the 1996 volume of 9.205 million tons. U.S. manufacturers of nitric acid are Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Pace, FL, and Pasadena, TX; Angus Chemical Co., Sterlington, LA; Apache Nitrogen Products, Inc., Benson, AZ; Arco Chemical Co., Lake Charles, LA; Bayer Corporation, Baytown, TX, and New Martinsville, WV; Cedar Chemical Corp., Vicksburg, MS; CF Industries, Inc., Donaldson, LA; Coastal Chem, Inc., Cheyenne, WY; Coastal Refining and Marketing, Inc., St. Helens, OR; DuPont, Orange, TX, Victoria, TX, and Beaumont, TX; Dyno Nobel Inc., Donora, PA, and Louisiana, MO; El Dorado Chemical Co., El Dorado, AR; Farmland Industries, Inc., Beatrice, NE, Dodge City, KS, Enid, OK, and Lawrence, KS; First Chemical Corp., Pascagoula, MS; Hercules Inc., Parlin, NJ; ICI Explosives USA Inc., Joplin, MO; IMC AgriBusiness Inc., North Bend, OH; IMC Nitrogen Co., East Dubuque, IL; LaRoche Industries Inc., Cherokee, AL; Crystal City, MO; and Orem, UT; Mississippi Chemical Corp., Yazoo City, MS; Monsanto Co., Pensacola, FL; Nitram, Inc., Tampa, FL; PCS Nitrogen, Inc., Savannah, GA; PCS Nitrogen Fertilizer, Augusta, GA, Clinton, IA, Geismar, LA, La Platte, NE, and Wilmington, NC; PCS Nitrogen Ohio, Lima, OH; Rubicon, Inc., Geismar, LA; J.R. Simplot Co., Helm, CA, and Pocatello, ID; Terra Industries Inc., Sergeant Bluff, IA, and Woodward, OK; Terra Nitrogen, Catoosa, OK, and Verdigris, OK; Trademark Nitrogen Corp., Tampa, FL; U.S. Army, Baraboo, WI, Kingsport, TN, Charleston, IN, Radford, VA, Lawrence, KS, and Chattanooga, TN; Unocal Corp., Kennwick, WA, and West Sacramento, CA; Welland Chemical Inc., Newell, PA; and Willard Grain and Feed, Pryor, OK.
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The biggest use of nitric acid is to form ammonium nitrate which is used as a fertilizer and an explosive. Nitric acid is ... used for nitrating in other production of explosives. When nitrogroups are added much oxygen is formed which can cause explosion, and this means that it oxides other atoms very fast. An example of nitrated explosives is nitro glycerine and tri nitro toluene. Nitro glycerine is also produced in the making of pharmaceuticals. Additional use of the acid is as a surface treatment of metal in the steel industry and as a cleaning agent in the food industry.
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Nitric acid is a very important chemical: it is used to make explosives, plastics and medicinal drugs. It is mainly used in the production of fertilisers that can be used to help plants grow.
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The chemical compound nitric acid (HNO3) is a colorless, corrosive liquid, a toxic acid which can cause severe burns. At room temperature it gives off red or yellow fumes. Commonly used as a laboratory reagent, it is used in the manufacture of explosives such as nitroglycerin and trinitrotoluene (TNT), and as well as of fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate. It has additional uses in metallurgy and refining as it reacts with most metals, and in organic syntheses. Nitric acid is ... a component of acid rain.
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