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Niels Bohr: Niels Bohr Institute
built 630 days ago
Niels Bohr was one of the pioneers of quantum physics and was one of the twentieth century's most widely respected thinkers. Bohr was only 21 when he won the gold medal of the Danish Academy of Sciences for his first research project in which he carried out a precise determination of the surface tension of water. Five years later he was awarded his doctorate for a theory explaining the behaviour of electrons in a metal. In 1911, on a scholarship from the Carlsberg Brewery, he went to the University of Cambridge to study under J. J. Thomson, but he soon left Cambridge to work with Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester. There he worked on 'quantum' models of the atom, which were developments of Rutherford's ideas. After a few months Bohr returned to Denmark where he married and took up a new post in the Institute of Technology.
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Since 1913, when he published his epoch-making theory of the hydrogen atom, Niels Bohr has been the leading pioneer in atomic physics. He retired from his professorship at the University of Copenhagen in 1956, but continued to serve as director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics, which he has created at Copenhagen and made into one of the foremost centers for international scientific cooperation. He is chairman of the Danish Atomic Energy Commission, president of the Royal Danish Academy, etc. For his great contributions to science Bohr has received virtually all the honors open to a scientist. He received the Nobel Prize in 1922 and the Atoms for Peace Award in 1957. He has been awarded the Guldberg, Hugh, Oersted, Barnard, Mateucci, Franklin, Faraday, Planck, Copley, and Bohr medals.
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Niels Bohr studied at the University of Copenhagen and earned a master of science degree in 1909 and a doctorate degree in 1911 (at the age of twenty-six). He then went to England and worked with Joseph John Thomson at Cambridge University and with Ernest Rutherford at Victoria University in Manchester. In 1914 Bohr returned to the University of Copenhagen, where, at the age of twenty-nine, he became an assistant professor of physics (he became a full professor in 1916 and held that post until 1956). From 1920 onward he was the director of the university's Institute for Theoretical Physics (renamed the Niels Bohr Institute in 1965). The institute became a focal center for theoretical physics for a generation.
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In 1916, Niels Bohr became a professor at the University of Copenhagen, and director of the newly constructed "Institute of Theoretical Physics" in 1920. In 1922, Bohr was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them". Bohr's institute served as a focal point for theoretical physicists in the 1920s and '30s, and most of the world's best known theoretical physicists of that period spent some time there.
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In the basement of Niels Bohr’s Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen was a well (Levi 1986) - two meters across, three meters deep, a spiral staircase leading to the bottom. And what better place than the Institute for Theoretical Physics? It was here that George Gamow developed the quantum mechanical explanation for alpha particle escape from the nuclear well.
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In 1963, Bohr became director of the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen (renamed the Niels Bohr Institute in 1965, in honor of his father who had died in 1962). He resigned in 1970 to devote more time to research.
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