LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Newfoundland: Provinces
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Born as a canine seaman, the Newfoundland was a standard piece of equipment on every fishing boat in Canada's maritime province that gave the breed its name. Fishing has always been Newfoundland's chief industry; the dogs hauled fishing nets out to sea and back to the boat and retrieved objects or people who fell into the sea. Equally at home in water or on land, the Newfoundland was large enough to pull in a drowning man or to break the ice as he dove into the frigid northern ocean. His lung capacity allowed him to swim great distances and fight ocean currents.
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The formal head of Newfoundland is the lieutenant governor, who is appointed by the Canadian governor-general in council for five years and who represents the Crown. The actual chief executive is the premier, usually the leader of the majority party in the provincial assembly. The premier appoints the members of the executive council (cabinet), who administer individual departments.
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Newfoundland has a quiet but strong tradition of berry wines. Blueberry wine, for those in the know, is as closely associated with Newfoundland tastes as Screech, and for many, may be a far more palatable first experience. Also be sure to look for partridgeberry, blackberry, cloudberry, and rhubarb wines. All of these can often be found in NLC outlets. The NLC retains the distinction of being the only liquor control boards in Canada which still directly manufactures and bottles several of its hard liquor products (Screech, notably, but ... gin, brandy and two vodkas), to retain the strong provincial association.
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Like Canada, Newfoundland began an increasing use of the Union Flag on land early in the twentieth century. However, unlike Canada, Newfoundland, in 1931, adopted legislation making the Union Flag its official national flag. In 1952, a few years after entering Confederation, the new province reaffirmed the official use of the Union Flag, even retaining the original description of it as the national flag. It is in this sense that the Union Flag was the provincial flag of Newfoundland from March 31, 1949 until a new flag was adopted in 1980.
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About 60 percent of Newfoundland is forested, although only about one-half the forest is of commercial value. The province lies in the boreal forest zone, or taiga, and the dominant trees are conifers, primarily black spruce and balsam fir. Other species include birch, larch, white spruce, aspen, and occasionally white and red pine. In Labrador the tree line extends along the coast; north of this line lies subarctic tundra. Wildlife is diverse, and large mammals are plentiful.Caribou, moose, and black bear are common in all areas, and polar bears are found in the north. Among the many small fur-bearing animals are muskrat, beaver, red fox, lynx, otter, and hare.
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These are the arms which appeared upon the informal flag for Newfoundland used at the Garden of the Provinces in Ottawa in the 1960s, and which were placed on the government's proposed provincial flag in 1974. Curiously, they once had ... been used upon a red ensign. The occasion was the 1939 royal visit of their majesties, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth.
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