LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Newfoundland: Newfoundland Island
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The beauty of Newfoundland can be found on the rocky coasts of the island and the relatively new, and stunningly beautiful East Coast Trail, but this is a truly coast-to-coast kind of place. There's much to see in the Tundra of Labrador (often called "the Big Land"), the "mini-Rockies" of the West Coast's Long Range Mountains and Lewis Hills, the historic Avalon Peninsula, home to the capital of St. John's. Also don't underestimate the power of the largely uninhabited Newfoundland interior. There is a raw, untouched quality to the entire place, especially where water meets rocks. Adventure racer Mats Andersson has described it as a mix of "Patagonia, Sweden, New Zealand and other countries from all around the world."
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In 1854, Newfoundland was granted responsible government by the British government. In an 1855 election, Philip Francis Little, a native of Prince Edward Island, won a majority over Hugh Hoyles and the Conservatives. Little formed the first administration from 1855 to 1858. In 1861... Governor Bannerman dismissed the Liberals, and, in a hotly contested election marked by disorder and rioting, Hugh Hoyles formed a government which strove to incorporate all religious bodies and give out jobs and patronage on a strictly denominational basis. This process extended also, in the 1870s, to the placing of all denominational schools on the same basis that the Catholics had had since the 1840s; organised by the churches, paid for by the state. The politics of class thus replaced those of religion.
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About 8 percent of Newfoundland's labor force is employed in transportation, communications, and other utilities; the province's size and population distribution make transportation services a critical concern. Traditionally, the province depended mostly on coastal water transportation, but today road and air transportation are of greater importance. The province is served by some 11,885 km (about 7385 mi) of roads and highways; nearly 70 percent of the road system is paved. The Trans-Canada Highway links St. John's with the western coast of Canada; extending 867 km (539 mi) within Newfoundland, it is the island's only east-west road. Because it is nearer to Europe than any other part of North America (except Greenland), Newfoundland has several airports that serve as important refueling stations for transatlantic flights; these include the airports at St. John's, Gander, Deer Lake, and Wabush. Both the western and the eastern parts of the island are connected by ferry service to the mainland.
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Newfoundland has a number of historical firsts. The oldest known settlement anywhere in The Americas built by Europeans is located at L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland. It was founded circa 1000 A.D. by Leif Ericson's Vikings. Remnants and artifacts of the occupation can still be seen at L'Anse aux Meadows, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The island was inhabited by the Beothuks and later the Mi'kmaq.
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Newfoundland has abundant mineral resources. Huge iron-ore deposits are found in western Labrador and at Bell Island in Conception Bay. Copper, lead, and zinc are found on the island, as are asbestos, gypsum, fluorite, and talc. Uranium is found in eastern Labrador. Petroleum has been discovered off the coast of Newfoundland Island, and natural gas off the coast of Labrador.
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Newfoundlanders pronounce Newfoundland to rhyme with 'understand,' placing emphasis on -LAND, not New or found-. It sounds something like "newfin-LAND." Canadians outside of the Atlantic provinces (therefore, discluding Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia as well as Newfoundland) and tourists are noted for their pronunciation of Newfoundland as "new-FOUND-lind", "NEW-fin-lind" or "NEW-found-lind."
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Newfoundland Island