LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Neolithic
built 655 days ago
One of the earliest Neolithic sites in India is Lahuradewa, at Middle Ganges region, C14 dated around 7th millennium BC.[8]. Recently another site near the confluence of Ganges and Yamuna rivers called Jhusi yielded a C14 dating of 7100 BC for its Neolithic levels.[9]
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![Newgrange [13kB]](http://retrieverimages.lycos.com/images/n/e/o/neolithic/i/026.jpg)
As the Neolithic farmers were not moving around, they were able to build larger and more permanent dwellings. A Neolithic house was rectangular and made either from tree trunks sunk vertically into the ground or from woven branches covered with mud. The gables at each end were supported by a large beam leaning against the ridge of the roof. The roof itself was made from timber beams with reed thatch covering it. A small hole in the roof allowed smoke to escape because, unlike the Mesolithic Irish, the Neolithic farmers lit their fires and cooked indoors. An excellent reconstruction of a Neolithic house can be seen at the Ulster History Park near Omagh, county Tyrone, and this is pictured above. Note the wattle-and-daub gable wall with the daub (dried mud) removed so that you can see that it is made from finely woven sticks (wattle).
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The Neolithic occurred when temperature and rainfall were somewhat higher than today so that conditions for primitive farming, employing only hand tools for cultivation, were excellent. All known Neolithic sites in Iran were situated in regions where rain-fed agriculture was possible. Settlements were few and often widely separated, usually in locales with a good source of water, arable land, fuel, as well as wild plant and animal foods, which people continued to gather and hunt (Bernbeck, 2001; Hole, 1987a; 1987b). A typical settlement consisted of only 50-100 inhabitants who lived in houses of unbaked brick, or in tents or brush shelters, and kept their livestock in pens. The form of the houses and their nucleation into small settlements has characterized rural villages until the present, some 9,000 years after they first appeared. During the Neolithic there is no apparent evidence of social differentiation among individuals, nor are there temples or other special structures (Bernbeck, 1995).
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Exactly ten years ago in 1993 Neolithic recorded their first material under the title "The Personal Fragment..." which was released up to three times. The labels involved in it were 93'Kassandra Rec. (MC), 94'Loud Out Rec. (MC), 95'Adipocere Rec. (CD). A very good feedback from the fans, independent press and a lot of interest from many labels led to prolonging the contract with Adipocere Rec.
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Subsequently the area of the valley floor, previously interpreted as a Neolithic occupation surface, was reinterpreted as a low monument with a number of distinct zones recognisable on the surface, covering earlier features and incorporating others. The 2000 excavation was again focused on this area and uncovered a series of stone features and depositional activities. To the NW a concentration of finds was discovered among a thick lens of beach pebbles, including a fragment of an Orcadian-type macehead. A dense spread of flint, some jasper pebbles and hammerstones was recorded at the lower layer of this lens. A large feature that was cut into the original soil surface and whose sides were formed by porphyry slabs contained a polygonal slab setting. To the east of the slab setting was a hoard of deliberately deposited objects, including a complete unfinished Orcadian macehead, a group of axeheads and flint flakes.
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The extensive literature on the Neolithic is principally found in reports and technical articles. A synthesis and interpretation is provided by The Archaeology of Western Iran (Hole, 1987a; Hole, 1987b), while "The Chronology of Iran ca. 8000-2000 B.C." (Voigt and Dyson) offers a region-by-region review of the chronology of Iranian prehistory. Both publications have extensive bibliographies. Site reports about Iran and adjacent regions that have subsequently appeared are: Alizadeh, 1996; 2003; Harris et al., Gosden, and Charles; Khaliliyân; Kozlowski, 1998; Pullar; Rosenberg and Davis; Sarianidi; and Watkins, Baird, and Betts. Works on the origins and spread of agriculture and animal domestication include: Abdi; Bernbeck; Harris and Gosden; Hole, 1998; Kozlowski, Gopher, and Korobkova; Redding and Rosenberg; Rosenberg et al.; Zeder; and Zeder and Hesse.
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Neolithic