LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Native American Art: United States
built 653 days ago
In the early 21st century, Native American communities remain an enduring fixture on the United States landscape, in the American economy, and in the lives of Native Americans. Communities have consistently formed governments that administer services like firefighting, natural resource management, and law enforcement. Most Native American communities have established court systems to adjudicate matters related to local ordinances, and most ... look to various forms of moral and social authority vested in traditional affiliations within the community. To address the housing needs of Native Americans, Congress passed the Native American Housing and Self Determination Act (NAHASDA) in 1996. This legislation replaced public housing, and other 1937 Housing Act programs directed towards Indian Housing Authorities, with a block grant program directed towards Tribes.
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The Native American collection showcases ceremonial objects and items of daily life created by members of the Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Kiowa, and Crow tribes that occupied the central region of North America known as the Great Plains. The objects on view offer splendid examples of beadwork, quillwork, and painting. The decorative, artistic designs of these objects were utilized to evoke the spiritual powers of nature, to denote status and honor in Native American society, as well as to provide aesthetic enjoyment
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The British made peace with the Americans in the Treaty of Paris (1783), ceding vast Native American territories to the United States without informing the Native Americans. The United States initially treated the Native Americans who had fought with the British as a conquered people who had lost their land. When this proved impossible to enforce, the policy was abandoned. The United States was eager to expand, and the national government initially sought to do so only by purchasing Native American land in treaties. The states and settlers were frequently at odds with this policy.[22]
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Sacajawea, whose name is alternatively spelled Sacagawea or Sakakawea, is another well-known Native American woman. She was born to the Shoshone tribe known as the Agaidika or “Salmon Eater”. Sacajawea was only 12 when she and other young girls were kidnapped by a group of Hidatsa men, after which they were taken to a Hidatsa village. She married a French trapper named Toussaint Charbonneau, with whom she has a son named Jean Baptiste. She was known for accompanying Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in their Corps of Discovery of the western part of the United States in 1806. Sacajawea's face now appears on the dollar coin.
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The most widely practiced public musical form among Native Americans in the United States is that of the pow-wow. At pow-wows, such as the annual Gathering of Nations in Albuquerque, New Mexico, members of drum groups sit in a circle around a large drum. Drum groups play in unison while they sing in a native language and dancers in colorful regalia dance clockwise around the drum groups in the center. Familiar pow-wow songs include honor songs, intertribal songs, crow-hops, sneak-up songs, grass-dances, two-steps, welcome songs, going-home songs, and war songs. Most indigenous communities in the United States ... maintain traditional songs and ceremonies, some of which are shared and practiced exclusively within the community.[57]
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Many other contemporary Native American artists are experimenting with challenging new media and concepts that are as familiar to them as they are to other contemporary artists in the United States and Canada. At the same time, these Native American artists strive to maintain their traditional relationships with family, land, and history.
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