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Native American: Native American Tribes
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Native Americans are the indigenous peoples within the territory that is now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska down to their descendants in modern times. They comprise a large number of distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which are still enduring as political communities. There is some controversy surrounding the names used to describe these peoples: they are ... known as American Indians, Indians, Amerindians, Amerinds, or Indigenous, Aboriginal or Original Americans. In Canada they are known as First Nations.
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Names for Native American Indian languages can be confusing. Some names are chosen politically rather than linguistically: for instance, Creek and Seminole are mutually intelligible Muskogean languages but are traditionally treated as separate because the tribes who use them are different. Many Native American Indian tribes use the word for "people" as the meaning of their nation.
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Most Native American tribes had traditional gender roles. In some tribes, such as the Iroquois nation, social and clan relationships were matrilinear and/or matriarchal, although several different systems were in use. One example is the Cherokee custom of wives owning the family property. Men hunted, traded and made war, while women cared for the young and the elderly, fashioned clothing and instruments and cured meat. The cradle board was used by mothers to carry their baby while working or traveling.[52] However, in some (but not all) tribes a kind of transgender was permitted; see Two-Spirit.
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Along with Native American drums, Indian tribes have often incorporated the mystical sounds of Native American flutes as a part of their spiritual expression and daily lives. It has even been said that Indian women would use Indian flutes to calm to calm their babies. The other most used Native instruments are Native American rattles or Indian shakers as they have come to be called. Naive American shakers are very popular, being made with local materials. Turtle shell rattles and gourd rattles are the most well know but the most used are the stitched rawhide rattles. But, probably the most unexpected instrument found in Native culture are the hand made Native American violins used in the Tarahumara Indian ceremonies.
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Native Americans — ... called American Indians or Alaskan Natives — are the indigenous people of the land known as the Americas. More than 562 federally recognized tribes live on reservations or in rural areas on allotment lands. Some but not all tribes have state recognition. Members and descendants of these tribes also live in cities and large urban areas. They have survived with distinct cultures, languages and traditions.
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There were historical treaties between the European Colonists and the Native American tribes requesting the return of any runaway slaves. For example, in 1726, the British Governor of New York exacted a promise from the Iroquois to return all runaway slaves who had joined up with them. This same promise was extracted from the Huron Natives in 1764 and from the Delaware Natives in 1765.[58] There are ... numerous accounts of advertisements requesting the return of African Americans who had married Native Americans or who spoke a Native American language. Individuals in some tribes owned African slaves; however, other tribes incorporated African Americans, slave or freemen, into the tribe. This custom among the Seminoles was part of the reason for the Seminole Wars where the European Americans feared their slaves fleeing to the Natives. The Cherokee Freedmen and tribes such as the Lumbee in North Carolina include African American ancestors.
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Native American Tribes