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Nation of Islam: Wallace Fard
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Definition: The Nation of Islam was created by W. D. Fard in Detroit in the early 1930s. Little is known about Fard - the date of his birth is a mystery and no one knows if his disappearance in 1934 was linked to his death or if something else happened to him and he died later. It is known... that he preached that blacks were the original humans created by Allah, but they had been stolen from their homes by the "white devils." When blacks return to the true religion (his interpretation of Islam), then Allah would vent his fury on these white devils and restore blacks to their proper place as his chosen people. This message was very attractive to the many poor blacks who had moved from rural southern areas to northern cities.
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The Nation of Islam (NOI), whose members are widely referred to as Black Muslims, was founded in Detroit in 1930 by Wallace D. Fard. An enigmatic figure with mysterious origins, Fard surfaced in the city in 1929 and attracted the attention of poor blacks as he walked the streets selling fabrics and expounding novel religious and political messages. Fard skillfully blended tenets of traditional Islam with anti-white preachments that resonated with the psychological and social needs of economically strapped blacks. This group, frustrated by the inability of traditional religions to generate change in their lives and keenly aware of the impact of racism on their opportunities, was drawn to Fard's message.
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During the summer of 1930 street peddler Wallace D. Fard appeared in Detroit's Paradise Valley community, proclaiming himself to be the leader of the Nation of Islam (NOI) and trying to proselytize his customers according to his Islamic beliefs. Fard's doctrine revolved around the claim that Islam was the true religion for blacks and Christianity only the faith of the “white devils” who were inferior to blacks. His preaching of freedom, justice and equality for people of African decent rapidly gained him followers and within three years Fard developed a cohesive organization, renting a Detroit meeting hall as the NOI'S first Temple.
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The majority followed his lead and abandoned the nationalistic goals of the Nation of Islam, replacing it with the community of Islam. However, a minority of about ten percent maintained their original doctrines and became known as "Ten-Percenters." The Ten-Percenters still call themselves The Nation of Islam and still hold to the teaching of W. D. Fard and Elijah Muhammad. They are basically a militant black supremacy movement.
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The cosmology of the NOI was exotic but carefully crafted to offer a millenarian vision to African Americans, promising a future apocalypse for the evil (whites) and salvation to the true believers (blacks or "Original People"). According to Fard's theology, an insane scientist, Yakub, who lived 6,000 years ago, grafted a new human species from the Original People. Over time, the grafted species mutated and became white. An angry God looked with disfavor on the manipulations of Yakub and decreed that the white race of people he created would rule for 6,000 years and then be vanquished. At that point, the Original People would inherit a world where true nirvana would reign.
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The Nation of Islam (NOI) was founded in Detroit in 1930 by Wallace Dodd Fard, an itinerant salesman. Fard's movement was composed of traditional Islamic teachings augmented by, and interlaced with obscure mathematical, Gnostic, and heretical accretions, including an identification of all blacks as "Asiatic."This message resonated among American blacks who had migratednorth, seeking to escape racial oppression and rural poverty.
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Wallace Fard