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Nation of Islam: Elijah Muhammad
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The Evolution of the Nation of Islam's most glaring shortcoming is the author's failure to bring the story of the Nation to the present... belying the very notion of "evolution" alluded to in the book's title. It is problematic that the name Louis Farrakhan is mentioned only once. When Farrakhan resurrected the Nation in the late-'70s, after the death of Muhammad, he created a viable cultural and political religious force, one that revolutionized the framework laid by the Nation's founder. Somehow, the author fails to acknowledge intentionally or otherwise, the credibility and popularity Farrakhan has brought to Muhammad's original message. Sure, this isn't a book about Louis Farrakhan, but one cannot even begin to discuss the Nation of Islam's evolution without conjecturing its present function. The word "evolution" denotes fluidity and mutability, yet Ali is unable to see beyond the death of his grandfather.
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The Nation of Islam was founded in 1931 by Wallace D Fard. He presented himself as a Muslim prophet and preached a message of "black redemption within Islam". He claimed "the Asiatic Black Man" had been the original inhabitant of the earth. The white race had been given 6,000 years to rule and eventually whites and white Christianity would be destroyed. Elijah Muhammad, who became leader of the Nation after Fard disappeared, developed this. He claimed originally that the black race had inhabited the moon and that at one time the moon and earth were one. A black scientist, Yakub, supposedly caused an explosion that separated the two.
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The Nation of Islam (NOI)... known as the Black Muslim Movement (although the term is discouraged by the NOI), is a spiritual/political movement founded by Wallace Fard Muhammad (1877-1934?). It was based on the doctrine that out of all the nations of the earth, black people are the only nation without any knowledge of their past history, no control of their present lives, and no guidance for their future. One of Wallace's first disciples was Elijah Poole, who later changed his name to Elijah Muhammad (1897-1975). Elijah Muhammad began preaching that W F. Muhammad was literally God in person.
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In March of 1964 Malcolm announced that he was leaving the Nation of Islam. The reasons were twofold. First, Malcolm's faith in Elijah Muhammad had been shaken after Elijah confirmed to him that paternity charges brought against him by two former secretaries were true.[19] And second, Malcolm began to see that the theology they espoused was not true to Islamic teachings. On February 21, 1965, less than a year after he had left the Nation of Islam, he was shot to death by three black men while giving a public lecture at the Audubon Ballroom in New York City.
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The Nation of Islam (NOI) is a religious and political organization whose origins are somewhat mysterious. Wallace D. Fard, later known as Master Wallace Fard Muhammad, established the NOI in Detroit during the 1930s. Fard Muhammad, a traveling salesman who sold African silks and advocated self-sufficiency and independence for African Americans, taught Elijah Poole the history of what Fard Muhammad called the Lost-Found Nation of Islam — descendants of the tribe of Shabazz from the Lost Nation in Asia. Fard Muhammad taught Poole in part that Mr. Yacub, a black mad scientist, created what was called the devil race — the white race — approximately six thousand years ago, and that the devil race would rule the world for the next six thousand years.
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The membership of sniper suspect John Muhammad in the Nation of Islam has made the background and nature of this group into a national issue of concern. Muhammad changed his name from John Allen Williams after he converted to Islam. At first, Nation of Islam officials declined comment. Later, leader Louis Farrakhan admitted Muhammad was a member.
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