LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Nasser: Suez Canal
built 613 days ago
Whatever Nasser's initial intentions, the Suez Crisis propelled him to the forefront of the Arab Nationalist movement. Pan Arab unity became the overriding theme of the Arab world from the late 1950s up to 1967 and Nasser became its chief advocate and spokesman. The most dramatic display of Pan-Arabism took place in 1958 when Egypt united with Syria to form a single country, the United Arab Republic. But Nasser, for all his oratory, was essentially an Egyptian nationalist. The practical interests of the two countries never meshed and the union came to nothing.
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When in 1967 Nasser expatriated the U.N. peace keeping forces that were located in the Gaza Strip and barricaded the Gulf of Aqaba ... putting a halt to all traffic on Israel’s Port Eilat many people thought he was out looking for a fight. Israel was no longer going to take bullying from Nasser and his crew. On June 5th Israel attacked Egypt so strongly that Egypt was pretty much defeated the first day. Somehow Egypt did manage to hold out for five more days and they then closed the Suez Canal, as their last resort.
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Nasser's political system was called Arab socialism. With this program he confiscated 243,000 hectares (2,430 km²) farm land from a small group of rich landowners, he nationalized banks and industries as well as the Suez Canal. He ended the 72-year British presence in Egypt, following peaceful negotiations. All of this was a direct continuation of his activities before the 1952 coup.
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Nasser led the Free Officer movement in the Egyptian armed forces which seized power in July 1952, under General Neguib. It abolished the monarchy a year later. Nasser ousted Neguib as head of state, Prime Minister, and chairman of the military junta (RCC) in 1954. His decision to nationalize the Suez Canal to finance the construction of the Aswan High Dam led directly to the second Arab-Israeli War of October-November 1956. The successful co-ordinated attacks upon Suez by Israel, France, and Britain were quickly halted and a ceasefire arranged after strong UN and USA pressure. Despite military defeat, Nasser was able to present the war as a great Arab victory over the forces of imperialism and Zionism and he was acclaimed as a great Arab hero.
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Following the Bandung Conference (1955), at which he emerged as a world figure, having espoused a policy of nonalignment (see Nonaligned Movement), Nasser's relations with the West deteriorated. In 1956 Britain and the United States withdrew their financial support from his Aswān High Dam project. In order to obtain funds for the project, Nasser then nationalized the Suez Canal. This brought aggression from France and Britain in alliance with Israel. Under pressure from the U.S.... the three were forced to withdraw, and a United Nations emergency force was subsequently placed as a buffer between Egypt and Israel.
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These reversals created a mood of desperation that culminated in Nasser's abandoning the heretofore cautious policy that he had pursued with Israel. In the Arab summit conferences of the 1960s, Nasser had consistently urged restraint. For ten years after Suez, Egypt lived in relative peace with Israel because the presence of a United Nations Emergency Force stationed on the Egyptian side of the border. Pressures mounted... as the Palestinians launched raids from Lebanon, Jordan, and especially Syria. Israel responded with deadly force. An outcry provoked by the response forced a weakened Nasser to act.
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