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Naples: Italy
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The most widely spoken language in Naples is a mixture of Italian and Napulitano (Napolitan). Napolitan is sometimes described as an Italian dialect, but may be considered a separate and sometime unintelligible language. Napolitan does not enjoy any official status, but it does have a rich literary tradition and it is still thriving in Campania and adjacent parts of Lazio, Abruzzo, Basilicata, Molise and Calabria. This said, the official language of Naples (as of all of Italy) is Italian and practically everyone speaks it. Napolitan has strong Spanish and French influences originating from the their occupation in the area. Therefore, some Spanish and French words may be understood by the locals, more so than in other parts of Italy. English is the most commonly spoken foreign language, although the average knowledge of English is extremely low.
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Naples has played an important and vibrant role over the centuries not just in the music of Italy, but in the general history of western European musical traditions. This influence extends from the early music conservatories in the 1500s through the music of Alessandro Scarlatti during the Baroque period and the comic operas of Pergolesi, Piccini and, eventually, Rossini and Mozart. The vitality of Neapolitan popular music from the late 19th century has made such songs as "O sole mio" and "Funiculì Funiculà" a permanent part of musical consciousness.
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The second step toward a united Italy came the next year when the famous soldier of fortune Giuseppe Garibaldi and his thousand red-shirted volunteers stormed the island of Sicily and then the rest of the Kingdom of Naples on the mainland. The people everywhere hailed him as a liberator, and the hated Bourbon king was driven out. (See ... Garibaldi, Giuseppe).
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