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Montgomery Bus Boycott
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The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a very significant event in the Civil Rights Movement, which spanned the 1950s and 60s. The boycott was very important because it caught the attention of the entire nation. People around the country were made aware of the event because it launched on such a massive scale and lasted for more than a year. Furthermore, the Montgomery Bus Boycott was important because it set the tone for the modern Civil Rights Movement. In particular, the boycott gave Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. a position of leadership within the national movement and showed that the nonviolent method of protest was effective.
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The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a crucial event in the 20th Century Civil Rights Movement. On the evening of December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks, a Montgomery seamstress on her way home from work, refused to give up her seat on the bus for a white man and was subsequently arrested.. The President of the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), E.D. Nixon, used the arrest to launch a bus boycott to fight the city’s segregated bus policy. Together with Jo Ann Robinson of the Women’s Political Council, and other black leaders, Nixon set plans for the boycott.
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The Montgomery Bus Boycott had implications that reached far beyond the desegregation of public buses. The protest propelled the Civil Rights Movement into national consciousness and Martin Luther King Jr. into the public eye.
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United Africa Movement ( UAM ) hosts Dr. Fred Shuttlesworth, an unsung hero, who met Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. soon after the start of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, when Alabama initiated a reign of terror. Dr. King had been indicted on tax charges......Bayard Rustin placed an ad in the NY Times. Rustin and Harry Belafonte drafted the fund-raising appeal.....Dr. King found out that no one was in the mood to represent him pro bono .Dr. King met privarely with Harry Belafonte to point out that Black people must learn to differentiate a personal expense from a political one.
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Right after the commencement of the Montgomery Bus Boycott in December 1955, black community leaders began discourse on the need for a federal lawsuit to challenge City of Montgomery and Alabama bus segregation laws. They sought a declaratory judgment that Alabama state statutes and ordinances of the Montgomery providing for and enforcing racial segregation on "privately" operated buses abridged the privileges and immunities of plaintiffs and denied them equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment and the rights guaranteed them by Sections 1981 and 1983 of the Civil Rights Act. This case came before a three-judge court under the authority of 28 U.S.C., § 2281, and 28 U.S.C., §§ 1331 and 1343. A three-judge district court is required under § 2281 for the granting of an interlocutory, or permanent injunction restraining the enforcement of a state statute by restraining the action of a state officer, such as an official of the Alabama Public Service Commission. The court held that given the admission of city officials that they were enforcing state statutes, a three judge court had jurisdiction over the case.
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The story of the Montgomery Bus Boycott is often told as a simple, happy tale of the "little people" triumphing over the seemingly insurmountable forces of evil. The truth is a little less romantic and a little more complex. As the 50th anniversary of the boycott approaches, Claudette Colvin's name and act of courage remain almost unknown -- a lost footnote to Rosa Parks' more famous defiance on a city bus that same year. But Colvin, a 15-year-old high school student at the time, refused to give up her bus seat to a white woman nine months before Parks took her stand. And it was a federal court suit involving Colvin that eventually led to a Supreme Court order outlawing segregated buses.
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Montgomery Bus Boycott