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Montgomery Bus Boycott: Rosa Parks
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The fiftieth anniversary of the beginning of the year long Montgomery Bus Boycott will be celebrated this December. According to the official version of the Boycott it was started by Rosa Parks on the evening of December 1, 1955, when she refused to give up her seat to a white man.
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The Montgomery Bus Boycott officially started on December 1, 1955. That was the day when the blacks of Montgomery, Alabama, decided that they would boycott the city buses until they could sit anywhere they wanted, instead of being relegated to the back when a white boarded. It was not... the day that the movement to desegregate the buses started. Perhaps the movement started on the day in 1943 when a black seamstress named Rosa Parks paid her bus fare and then watched the bus drive off as she tried to re-enter through the rear door, as the driver had told her to do. Perhaps the movement started on the day in 1949 when a black professor Jo Ann Robinson absentmindedly sat at the front of a nearly empty bus, then ran off in tears when the bus driver screamed at her for doing so. Perhaps the movement started on the day in the early 1950s when a black pastor named Vernon Johns tried to get other blacks to leave a bus in protest after he was forced to give up his seat to a white man, only to have them tell him, "You ought to knowed better." [2] The story of the Montgomery Bus Boycott is often told as a simple, happy tale of the "little people" triumphing over the seemingly insurmountable forces of evil.
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The Montgomery Bus Boycott segregated the bus system for blacks. After Rosa Parks was arrested, blacks called for a boycott of all busses in Montgomery. This started a lot of segregation, including the segregation of public facilities. This ... led to sit-inÕs in local restaurants and dinerÕs. After the segregation had become so great, the case of Plessy v. Fergeson ruled that separate but equal facilities were ok. Later the case of Brown v. Board ruled that that was not ok.
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The Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-56 is widely regarded as the event which began the modern civil rights movement. That may overstate the case, but the 381-day boycott was the first sustained mass protest against Jim Crow segregation, it did launch the civil rights careers of Martin Luther King, Jr., Ralph David Abernathy, and Fred D. Gray, and it made a worldwide hero of a small, quiet woman named Rosa Parks.
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The Montgomery Bus Boycott lasted 381 days. During that time, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Rosa Parks rose to national stature as leaders of the Civil Rights Movement. King's philosophy of non-violent protest proved effective. African-Americans in the South proved that they could create social change through boycotts and protests.
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The Montgomery Bus Boycott started in December 1955. What happened in Montgomery is seen as a pivotal point in the whole civil rights story and brought to prominence a seamstress called Rosa Parks.
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Rosa Parks