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Montgomery Bus Boycott: Civil Rights Movement
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Although the gains of the Montgomery Bus Boycott were small compared with the gains blacks would later win, the boycott was important start to the movement. The lasting legacy of the boycott, as Roberta Wright wrote, was that "It helped to launch a 10-year national struggle for freedom and justice, the Civil Rights Movement, that stimulated others to do the same at home and abroad." [15]
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Mary Far Burks, "Trailblazers: Women in the Montgomery Bus Boycott," in Vicki L. Crawford, Jacqueline Anne Rouse and Barbara Woods, eds. Women in the Civil Rights Movement, (Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1990)
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The violence did end and the integration of the buses in Montgomery went ahead with relative success. On January 10th and 11th 1956, ministers in MIA met in Atlanta other ministers who worked in the south. The result of this meeting was the founding of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Martin Luther King was elected its president. It wanted to build on the success on the civil rights movement in areas such as transport and education but in a non-violent way.
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The actual bus token used during the Montgomery bus boycott was preserved by his great-grandmother. His mother, Dr. Tonea Stewart most famous for her role on "In the Heat of Night" and "A Time To Kill," looked through her mother's memorabilia at her home and came across the token which she has stated is the "ultimate symbol of that era." Initially, the rights to the original token were used as a way of honoring unsung heroes of the civil rights movement. In an effort to continue to preserve the integrity of the time, in 2001 the Stewart and Donahey families re-incorporated Montgomery City Lines, Inc., which was formerly the name of the Montgomery bus system, and began making the token available for all families to share.
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The Montgomery, Ala., bus boycott is usually credited with giving birth to the civil rights movement. And rightfully so. It came right on the heels of the historic 1954 Supreme Court ruling proclaiming that separate but equal schools were unconstitutional.
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Organizers say they hope the exhibit will bring the unvarnished reality of the bus boycott home to viewers. "In some ways, we've romanticized the civil rights movement," says Lonnie Bunch, founding director of the National Museum of African American History and Culture of the Smithsonian Institution. "We often forget just how strong the walls of segregation were, just how close to the surface racial hatred was. This wasn't simply a walk in the park."
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