LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Monroe Doctrine
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During World War II the Monroe Doctrine was “pan-Americanized†so that all nations in the hemisphere would participate. The Latin nations and the United States met in Panama in 1939 to sign the “Resolution on the Transfer of Sovereignty of Geographic Regions of the Americas Held by Non-American States,†a long title for a simple agreement to prevent European possessions from falling into the hands of the Axis nations–Germany, Italy, and Japan. During the cold war the United States intervened in Latin American affairs to reduce what it perceived to be communist influence in the hemisphere. In 1954 President Dwight Eisenhower ordered the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to back Colonel Castillo Armas in an invasion to eliminate the leftist government of Gautemala headed by Jacobo Arbenz. After Fidel Castro established a pro-Soviet regime in Cuba in 1959, Soviet military advisers, combat troops, airplanes, and offensive missiles were brought to the island. President John F. Kennedy used the Monroe Doctrine during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 as one of the justifications for imposing a quarantine on that nation until the Soviet Union removed its offensive weapons from Cuba.
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In 1962, the Monroe Doctrine was invoked symbolically when the Soviet Union began to build missile-launching sites in Cuba. With the support of the Organization of American States, President John F. Kennedy threw a naval and air quarantine around the island. After several tense days, the Soviet Union agreed to withdraw the missiles and dismantle the sites. Subsequently, the United States dismantled several of its obsolete air and missile bases in Turkey.
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The Monroe doctrine was a Doctorine that was incorporated into Monroe’s speech to congress in 1823 ... the true author of this Doctorine was John Q. Adams. In this speech that was a declaration of the U.S. policy toward Europe and Latin America, it mentioned two subjects, Non-Colonization and non- intervention. As stated in the United States History book “Monroe declared that the United States was opposed to attempts by European power to interfere in the affairs of any republic in the Western Hemisphere.”
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Though little noticed when first announced, the Monroe Doctrine has been invoked a number of times. One important example is the (Theodore) Roosevelt Corollary. Below is a list of EDSITEment resources and/or links to use as a starting point for research:
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As for John Q. Adams, he should get all of the credit for writing the statement, but because Monroe read the statement it was name the Monroe Doctrine. Now most people associate the Monroe Doctrine with the wrong person. People don’t always get the credit they deserve, that’s life.
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Read with the class the text of The Monroe Doctrine from the handout "The Monroe Doctrine: A Close Reading" on pages 14-15 of the PDF file (see Preparing to Teach This Curriculum Unit for download instructions). The handout replaces the original paragraphing and, instead, organizes the text by subject. It contains all of the language of the original as presented by the EDSITEment-reviewed website The Avalon Project. Discuss the text with the class using the following questions as guidelines:
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Monroe Doctrine