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Monroe Doctrine: President Grant
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The Monroe Doctrine was formally invoked seventy-five years later at the outbreak of the Spanish-American War. The United States cited Spain's continued involvement in Cuba as a threat to U.S. property and interests. The United States won the conflict against Spain, and in the years following the war, the United States acted to prevent European nations from collecting debts from defaulting Latin American nations and former colonial holdings. When the Dominican Republic was bankrupt in 1904, United States President Theodore Roosevelt issued the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States could preemptively act to ward off European aggression in the Americas.
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This little film gives a good look at the reasons behind the Monroe Doctrine and how it was defined by succeeding American governments. It moves briskly and is well acted, especially by Grant Mitchell as John Quincey Adams and Sidney Blackmer as Teddy Roosevelt. Nanette Fabray & George Reeves very briefly portray young lovers caught up in history's flow.
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The debate over this new spirit of the Monroe Doctrine came to a head in 1984, as part of the Iran Contra Scandal. Among other things, it was revealed that the American Central Intelligence Agency had been covertly training "Contra" guerilla soldiers in Nicaragua in an attempt to overthrow the Marxist regime of President Daniel Ortega. Critics alleged that the Contras were committing widescale human rights abuses, and prolonging a bitter civil war. Some ... claimed that Ortega was a popular leader, and American had no right to remove him.
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The Monroe Doctrine said that European powers could no longer colonize or interfere with the Americas after the colony won their independence. The US planned to remain neutral in wars between Europe and their colonies. However, if these wars were to happen in the Americas, the US would view such actions as hostile towards themselves. President James Monroe first stated the doctrine in December of 1823, and it became a defining moment in the foreign policy of the United States.
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In the case of the Monroe Doctrine... the outcomes are best explained in terms of domestic politics. 1824 was a presidential election year, and Monroe was planning to retire. This played a key role in determining the events of 1823. John Quincy Adams was planning to run for President; he hoped to run under a Republican ticket. However, he had traditionally been linked to the opposing Federalist party, which was usually acknowledged as being more pro-British. Adams knew that being linked to this stance would ultimately hurt him in his chance for an election.
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The writer expresses the opinion that the Monroe Doctrine should have been named after John Quincy Adams to honor his role in its formulation. There is ... evidence to indicate that former President Thomas Jefferson strongly influenced President Monroe. Perhaps it should be called the Jefferson Doctrine. Or perhaps the document should have more than one name in its title.
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