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Modern Art: Artists
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A more fanciful sort of modern art was created by Jean Arp, Marcel Duchamp, and Kurt Schwitters in the irreverent manifestations of the Dada movement. Dada artists devised “ready-mades†and collage objects from diverse bits of material. The movement was linked with Freudianism in the 1920s, producing the wild imagery of surrealism and verism, as seen in the paintings of Salvador DalÃ, Yves Tanguy, Max Ernst, and Joan Miró. The 1920s ... saw the beginning of an art of social protest by exponents of new objectivity, among them George Grosz, Otto Dix, and Max Beckmann. With the rise of fascism and the Great Depression of the 1930s, the protest increased in intensity. The Mexicans Orozco, Rivera, and Siqueiros painted murals in which the human figure was made monumental and heroic (see Mexican art and architecture).
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After Pop Art it was Op Art, a short form for Optical Art. Op Art expressed itself with reduced geometrical forms - sometimes in black and white contrasts and sometimes with very brilliant colors. The most prominent artist is Hungarian-born Vasarely. In the seventies Op Art even made its way into fashion design. But Op Art never succeeded in becoming a really popular mass-movement of modern art like Pop Art.
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Sotheby's February Contemporary Art sales begin tomorrow evening in London and are estimated to bring between $175 and $249 million, above actual sales of $124.2 million last February. The sales are highlighted by Francis Bacon's Study of Nude with Figure in a Mirror, which is a rare portrait of his close friend Henrietta Moraes cast against an unknown male figure in the mirror which may well be the artist himself. Another highlight is a trinity of canvases by Andy Warhol entitled Three Self Portraits which is estimated to bring in excess of $20 million. Other featured artists include Lucio Fontana, Gerhard Richter, Yves Klein, Jeff Koons and Zhang Xiaogang.
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The word Pop Art is an abbreviation for Popular Art. The name says it all. The Pop Art movement wanted to bring art back into the daily life of people. It was a reaction against abstract painting, which pop artists considered as too sophisticated and elite. Pop artists' favorite images were objects from everyday's life like soup cans for Andy Warhol or comics for Roy Lichtenstein.
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In view of this diversity, it is difficult to define modern art in a way that includes all of 20th-century Western art. For some critics, the most important characteristic of modern art is its attempt to make painting and sculpture ends in themselves... distinguishing modernism from earlier forms of art that had conveyed the ideas of powerful religious or political institutions. Because modern artists were no longer funded primarily by these institutions, they were freer to suggest more personal meanings. This attitude is often expressed as art for art's sake, a point of view that is often interpreted as meaning art without political or religious motives. But even if religious and government institutions no longer commissioned most art, many modern artists still sought to convey spiritual or political messages. Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky, for instance, felt that color combined with abstraction could express a spiritual reality beneath ordinary appearances, while German painter Otto Dix created openly political works that criticized policies of the German government.
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There might be lots of schools and styles for modern art in which all of them are found to be exciting. Defining modern art pertains to the encompassing art of the twentieth century starting from the artists Fauves and Matisse, the master of all color. But it was Picasso who really introduced art into the new century with the birth of Cubism that had lead to futurism and abstraction.
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