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Mexico City: Capitals
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Guadalajara, capital of the State of Jalisco in Mexico, is the second most populous metropolitan area in Mexico after Mexico City. It is a highly industrialized city and the headquarters of important international businesses. "The opening of the new Panama-Guadalajara route will conveniently connect Guadalajara with the major cities Latin America through Copa's Hub of the Americas in Panama, promoting increased regional trade, commerce and tourism", stated Mr. Pedro Heilbron, CEO of Copa Airlines.
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In 1921 Mexico City had just over 900,000 residents and was surrounded by miles of rural farms and communities. During the next 50 years, the city’s population grew rapidly, as people moved from less developed regions to the capital. The population nearly doubled from 1921 to 1940 and more than doubled again from 1940 to 1960, when the population reached nearly 5 million. As the city grew, much of its colonial and European architecture disappeared. Numerous residences along the major avenues were destroyed to make way for modern office buildings and retail stores.
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Now Mexico City is both the administrative and trading capital of the country, and one of the main sources of income for the whole country. Its streets are witness to many centuries, and it is still perfectly possible to see that today, particularly in areas such as the Zócalo/Plaza de la Constitución, which are both in the city centre. The Zócalo, once the site of ceremonies and celebrations in Gran Tenochitlán, is now the site of symbols of national power, as well as being the main area for public demonstrations, and popular celebrations.
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The city has been the metropolis of Mexico since even before New Spain was created. It is built on the ruins of the Aztec city of Tenochtitlán, which was begun by the Aztecs c.1345 and razed by Hernán Cortes in 1521. During the colonial period Mexico City served as the capital of the viceroyalty of New Spain and was for a time the cultural and social center of North and South America. It was taken in 1847 by Winfield Scott's American army, after an inland march from Veracruz in the Mexican War. The French army captured Mexico City in 1863, and Emperor Maximilian, crowned in 1864, did much to beautify it before it was recaptured by Mexicans under Benito Juárez. In the years of revolution after 1910 it was a magnet for divergent insurrectionary forces.
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Mexico City pulses with energy. It's an ancient gathering place layered with a rich history of indigenous and Spanish cultures — a nation's capital where pilgrims come seeking miracles and offer prayers of gratitude. It's ... a twenty-four hour a day, high-octane city that never sleeps.
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Mexico City surrounds visitors with reminders of the city's larger-than-life past. A strong air of Europe drapes the capital, sometimes in sharp contrast to the city's ancient Indian past. Its people make gregarious and gracious hosts.
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