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Metronidazole
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Metronidazole injection should be stored at 15°C to 30°C and protected from light. Product may be refrigerated but crystals may form; crystals redissolve on warming to room temperature. Prolonged exposure to light will cause a darkening of the product. However, short-term exposure to normal room light does not adversely affect metronidazole stability. Direct sunlight should be avoided. Stability of parenteral admixture at room temperature (25°C): Out of overwrap stability: 30 days.
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Metronidazole is used by veterinarians to treat various conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, nonspecific diarrheal disorders, infections caused by Giardia and periodontal disease. It is available as 250mg and 500mg tablets. The usual dose in dogs is 3-23mg/pound by mouth 1 to 4 times a day. The usual dose for cats is 5-23mg/pound by mouth 1 to 2 times a day. Duration of therapy depends on the type of condition and response to treatment.
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Metronidazole comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken two or three times a day for 5-10 days or longer. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take metronidazole exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.
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Metronidazole has been shown to be carcinogenic in mice and rats. (See PRECAUTIONS.) Unnecessary use of the drug should be avoided. Its use should be reserved for the conditions described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section below.
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Metronidazole skin gel, cream or lotion is for external use only. Do not take by mouth or use in the vagina. It must not be used in or near the eyes. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Wash the affected area with mild soap and water; pat dry before applying the gel or cream. Apply a small amount of gel, cream or lotion to the affected area and rub gently.
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Metronidazole is almost completely metabolized in liver. Principal metabolites result from oxidation of side chain and formation of glucuronides. A small amount of reduced metabolites, including ring cleavage products, is formed by gut flora (Koch et al., 1981). Major metabolites are 1-(2 hydroxy-ethyl)-2-hydroxy methyl-5- nitroimidazole which is active and which gives advantage in terms of length of action, and the inactive 1-acetic acid-2- methyl-5-nitroimadozole.
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Metronidazole