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Metronidazole: Infections
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INTRODUCTION — Metronidazole is one of the mainstay drugs for the treatment of anaerobic infections and the treatment of choice for most patients with diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile. (See "Treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile"). It is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of anaerobic and protozoal infections. Metronidazole exerts its antimicrobial effects through the production of free radicals, which are toxic to the microbe.
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Metronidazole is a commonly used drug in the management of conditions like amoebiasis, giardiasis and anaerobic infections. Although dermatological reactions such as bullous eruptions are not common with Metronidazole, one should be cautious while using Metronidaziole. If an ADR is suspected, the drug should be stopped immediately and the patient should be managed carefully.
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Metronidazole comes as a gel to be applied to your skin and as a gel to be used in the vagina. Metronidazole usually is used twice a day. It is used twice daily for 5 consecutive days to treat vaginal infections. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Use metronidazole exactly as directed. Do not use more or less of it or use it more often than prescribed by your doctor.
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Metronidazole may cause dryness of the mouth, an unpleasant or sharp metallic taste, and a change in taste sensation. For temporary relief of dry mouth, use sugarless candy or gum, melt bits of ice in your mouth, or use a saliva substitute. However, if your mouth continues to feel dry for more than 2 weeks, check with your medical doctor or dentist. Continuing dryness of the mouth may increase the chance of dental disease, including tooth decay, gum disease, and fungus infections.
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Metronidazole should not be combined with amprenavir for treating human immunodeficiency disease (infection with HIV) because amprenavir contains propylene glycol. Metronidazole blocks the breakdown of propylene glycol in the liver leading to accumulation of propylene glycol in blood. Accumulation of propylene glycol could cause seizures, increased heart rate, and lead to kidney failure.
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Metronidazole is used to treat acne rosacea (adult acne), a chronic condition in which the facial skin is inflamed and sores develop. Metronidazole decreases the redness and number of sores but may not be a cure. It is ... used to treat some vaginal infections.
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