LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Metronidazole: Bacteria
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Metronidazole is an antiprotozoal and anaerobic antibacterial agent. When administered systemically via oral tablets or injection, metronidazole works by inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis hence preventing the replication of bacteria. However the mechanisms by which topical metronidazole works in reducing inflammatory lesions of rosacea are unknown. Possible mechanisms of action include antibacterial and/or anti-inflammatory effects.
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* Metronidazole is an effective and safe treatment for several protozoan and anaerobic bacterial diseases of fish (Cryptocaryon, Hexamita, Ichthyophthirus). It does not adversely affect the filter bed and is easily removed with carbon. There is little danger of overdosing. Usual dose is 125 mg/40L (10 US gallons).
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Metronidazole has a molecular weight of 171.16. It is a white to pale yellow crystalline powder. It is slightly soluble in alcohol and has a solubility in water of 10 mg/mL at 20°C. Metronidazole is a member of the imidazole class of anti-bacterial agents and is classified as an antiprotozoal and anti-bacterial agent.
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Metronidazole exerts rapid bactericidal effects against anaerobic bacteria, with a killing rate proportional to the drug concentration [7,8]. Concentration-dependent killing has ... been observed with Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis [9,10]. Metronidazole kills Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium perfringens more rapidly than clindamycin[11]. (See "Clindamycin: An overview").
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Metronidazole has ... been used in women to prevent preterm birth associated with bacterial vaginosis, amongst other risk factors including the presence of cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin (fFN). A randomised controlled trial demonstrated that metronidazole was ineffective in preventing preterm delivery in high-risk pregnant women and, conversely, the incidence of preterm delivery was actually higher in women treated with metronidazole.[2]
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Metronidazole is mutagenic in rodents in high doses for prolonged periods. It is ... mutagenic in bacteria (Voogde, 1981). Mutagenic activity associated with metronidazole has been reported in the urine of patients receiving therapeutic doses.
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