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Meter (Poetry): Lines
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Meter (International English spelling: [M]etre) describes the linguistic study of the human language, sound patterns of a verse. Scansion is the analysis of poetry's metrical and rhythmic patterns. Prosody is sometimes used to describe poetic meter, and indicates the analysis of similar aspects of language in linguistics. Meter is part of many formal verse forms.
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Thomas A. DuBois' "Finnish Folk Poetry and the Kalevala" is one of the rare monographs written by a non-native Finnish-speaker on Kalevala meter poetry. DuBois' research concerning the Finnish-Karelian area is an ambitious attempt at interpretation of a culture alien in many senses. Obstacles of temporal, geographical and linguistic distance have to be surmounted. The ultimate alien aspect is the poetic language itself - a language that by definition remains foreign, even for a linguistic insider. Analytical as well as concrete distance from the field can be an asset: it helps one to see things in a new light. The hazards of the enterprise are... as evident as the assets.
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Meter is often scanned based on the arrangement of "poetic feet" into lines. In English, each foot usually includes one syllable with a stress and one or two without a stress. In other languages, it may be a combination of the number of syllables and the length of the vowel that determines how the foot is parsed, where one syllable with a long vowel may be treated as the equivalent of two syllables with short vowels. The generally accepted names for some of the most commonly used kinds of feet include
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Rhyme-and-meter poetry has rhyming lines, and meter or rhythm. Usually the rhymes are at the end of each line, or every other line. Meter usually means that every line or every couplet (a pair of lines) has the same rhythm; the same number of syllables and the same pattern. Meter means the poem has a rhythm. It’s easier to make a poem funny if it has rhyme and meter. Some use three lines in each verse, with the first line and third line rhyming.
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The units of poetic meter, like rhyme, vary from language to language and between poetic traditions. They can involve arrangements of syllables into repeated patterns called feet within a line. English meter is traditionally conceived as being founded on the patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables. In Latin and Greek verse, on the other hand, while the metrical units are similar, not syllable stresses but syllable lengths are the component parts of meter. Old English poetry used alliterative verse, a metrical pattern involving varied numbers of syllables but a fixed number of strong stresses in each line. Meters in English verse, and in the classical Western poetic tradition on which it is founded, are named by the characteristic foot and the number of feet per line.
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Until the 1960s, Kalevala meter poetry, mythology and folk belief were the most highly valued research topics. During the next three decades... the field of research began to expand. Professor Matti Kuusi (1914-1998) introduced the study of both Finnish and international popular culture. At the same time, new theoretical approaches were being borrowed from linguistics. Anthropological ideas also made their way into Finnish folklore studies and this prompted folklorists to come to terms with the living tradition and people who use it.
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