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Mesopotamia: Peoples
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Mesopotamia's history was one long struggle between Indo-Europeans and Semitic peoples for control of the valley. Despite the parade of empires, civilization there remained basically the same. The civilization held strong property rights, and
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Mesopotamia, for 2,000 years a stronghold of Semitic-speaking peoples, now fell to Indo-European rule that persisted for 1,176 years. Cyrus, one of history's truly great leaders, ruled with a firm hand, but he was ... well attuned to the needs of his subjects. Upon assuming power, he immediately replaced the savagery of the Assyrians with a respect for the customs and the institutions of his new subjects. He appointed competent provincial governors (the predecessors of the Persian satraps), and he required from his subjects only tribute and obedience. Following Cyrus's death, a brief period of Babylonian unrest ensued that climaxed in 522 B.C. with a general rebellion of Iranian colonies.
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It wasn't until about 2000 BC that the magi of Mesopotamia believed that there were indeed no accidents. He believed that everything in the universe including people, objects and all events, was connected. Not only did these magi, or priests study the stars but they ... looked for omens in weather patterns. They would predict future events from the internal organs of many animals and even listened to the words of trees, dogs, cats and insects to hear what they had to say.
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A full reading of "Mesopotamia" cannot be undertaken without some knowledge of the political and military matrix within which the verse is embedded. References to specific events and people are not explained within the short space of the text because the poet has assumed that a reader has full knowledge of the background of the scenario that he is addressing. While this was certainly true in 1917 of a reading public that had avidly scanned their newspaper for the latest scandal regarding the Mesospotamian campaign, a modern reader finds it necessary to decipher the references which are obscure and hinder a meaningful explication of the text.
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The richness of Mesopotamia made it attractive for neighbouring peoples, and its lack of mountains made it fairly difficult to protect against invaders. The result was numerous invasions through the history, and many times did foreign warlords replace the existing rulers. Few dynasties lasted more than a few hundred years. The threat from the neighbours, was another reason for establishing the cities: The cities could be fortified and defended.
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The people from Mesopotamia built houses out of tall reeds staked in the ground in two parallel rows, the tops were tied together and covered with matting. The MARSH house is still constructed in Mesopotamia.
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