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Mesopotamia: Civilizations
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Mesopotamia was a name given to the region by the Romans and Greeks; it means "land between the waters." Mesopotamia was divided into two regions, Sumer in the south, and Assyria in the north, and these areas would give their names to its two significant early civilizations.
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As a civilization contemporary with Egyptian civilization, Mesopotamia developed education quite similar to that of its counterpart with respect to its purpose and training. Formal education was practical and aimed to train scribes and priests. It was extended from basic reading, writing, and religion to higher learning in law, medicine, and astrology. Generally, youth of the upper classes were prepared to become scribes, who ranged from copyists to librarians and teachers. The schools for priests were said to be as numerous as temples. This indicates not only the thoroughness but ... the supremacy of priestly education.
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Mesopotamia reached the peak of progress in science and technology. Mesopotamian civilization was one of the early Bronze Age civilizations in the world. They used copper, bronze and gold and later iron came into the picture. The precious metals were used to decorate palaces and to build armors. But probably gold armors were meant for exhibitions only. Mesopotamia was proficient in metalworking, glassmaking, textile weaving, food control and irrigation.
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Mesopotamia is important as the geographic place where civilizations first blossomed. The institutions developed there (political, economical, educational, and religious) influenced all subsequent growth in the Mediterranean region, in Asia, in North Africa, and indeed, continue to have influence in modern times.
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Their economy was much more heavily dominated by the king, who technically owned everything, as opposed to Mesopotamia, where a business class and private property existed. Egypt was unified in 3100 BC; and not conquered until taken by the Persians in 525 BC. In 2,500 years, there were only 3 empires, with relatively short intervening periods. Egyptian civilization was stable, conservative, and more optimistic than Mesopotamian civilization. Egyptian society was ... religious to the core. Unlike in Mesopotamia, there was overwhelming state domination of all aspects of economic life.
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Civilization developed in Mesopotamia simultaneously with Egypt and the two are often called the 'Fertile Crescent'. The Fertile Crescent is a rich food-growing area in a part of the world where most of the land is too dry for farming. The Fertile Crescent begins on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, and curves around like a quarter moon to the Persian Gulf.
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