LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Mescaline
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Mescaline has always been the central standard against which all other compounds are viewed. Even the United States Chemical Warfare group, in their human studies of a number of substituted phenethylamines, used mescaline as the reference material for both quantitative and qualitative comparisons. The Edgewood Arsenal code number for it was EA-1306. All psychedelics are given properties that are something like "twice the potency of mescaline" or "twice as long-lived as mescaline." This simple drug is truly the central prototype against which everything else is measured. The earliest studies with the "psychotomimetic amphetamines" had quantitative psychological numbers attached that read as "mescaline units."
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Mescaline is most often obtained naturally, although it can be made synthetically. Most people who use it, both recreationally and religiously, obtain mescaline from the Peyote cactus. The crown of the Peyote cactus (the top) features button-like discs. These are cut off and then dried. One can chew the dried buttons directly to get the hallucinogenic effects of mescaline, or it can be soaked in water. When soaked in water (or made as a “tea’), mescaline creates and intoxicating drink that allows for hallucinations.
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Mescaline has a melting point of 320 C at STP, is a white crystalline substance, taking the form of long, needle shaped structures. Will form a carbonate after absorbing CO2 from the air. The molecular weight of mescaline is 211.25, it is composed of C 62.54%, H 8.11%, N 6.63%, O 22.72%, chemically C11H17NO3. Mescaline is moderately soluble in water; soluble in alcohol, chloroform or benzene. Practically insoluble in ether or petroleum ether.
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Mescaline has a number of analogs, featuring the methoxy groups altered to include thio groups or to be extended. Examples include, but are not limited to, isomescaline, thiomescaline, escaline, thioescaline, proscaline, isoproscaline, buscaline, thiobuscaline, thioisomescaline, phenescaline, symbescaline, asymbescaline, thioasymbescaline, allylescaline, methallylescaline, metaescaline, and thiometaescaline. Its has an active amphetamine homolog, 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine.
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Mescaline occurs naturally, notably in peyotl, the dried top of the Mexican cactus Lophophora williamsii and has been used, principally in religious-style ceremonies, for centuries. Psilocybin is obtained from certain fungi of Psilocybe spp., and again is known to have been used as part of ceremonies. Today, these various chemicals or their derivatives, sometimes of uncertain chemical properties, have social uses in many countries. The main effects of these psychotropic drugs is on mental function, in such a way that perception is altered so that sights and sounds become distorted and fantastic. These changes are essentially subjective and not surprisingly it is difficult to devise animal tests that can predict this sort of activity. The drugs' mechanism of action is uncertain, but LSD is a partial agonist at certain 5-HT receptors and is known to affect firing of 5-HT-containing neurones in the raphe nuclei.
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Mescaline is generally taken orally. But like, LSD, it may be injected. The average dose is: 350 to 500 miligrams. This yields a "high" lasting 5 to 12 hours. Because of its bitter taste, mescaline is often taken with tea, coffee, milk, orange juice, soda, or soft drink. The peyote button itself has a vile, fibrous taste.
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Mescaline