LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Meningitis: Types
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Most types of acute bacterial meningitis are septic-borne in that they originate when bacteria in the bloodstream (bacteremia, septicemia) gain entrance into the cerebrospinal fluid. Meningitis arising by this route is called primary bacterial meningitis. Secondary meningitis is that which develops following direct entry of bacteria into the central nervous system, which can occur at the time of neurosurgery, in association with trauma, or through an abnormal communication between the external environment and the cerebrospinal fluid.
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Some forms of meningitis may pose a risk for causing serious illness among close contacts. These include meningococcal meningitis and, in some specific circumstances, H. influenzae type b meningitis. In these instances, there are preventative actions that are recommended to protect close contacts.
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No cell count result can exclude bacterial meningitis. Typically thousands of PMNs, but may be less dramatic or even normal (classically, in very early meningococcal meningitis and in extremely ill neonates). Lymphocytosis with normal CSF chemistries seen in 15-25%, especially when cell counts 100 cells/mm3 are infected; CSF glucose usually normal, and organisms are less pathogenic. Cell count and chemistries normalize slowly (over days) with antibiotics.
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Many different types of bacteria can cause bacterial meningitis. In newborns, the most common causes are Group B streptococcus, Escherichia coli, andListeria monocytogenes. In older kids, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) are more often the causes.
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Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important and problematic human pathogen as it is the causative agent of several types of infections, including pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia and urinary tract infections. Researchers explored the pathogenic content of this harmful pathogen using a combination of DNA sequencing and functional screening utilizing transposon mutagenesis.
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