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Meningitis: Brain
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Meningitis is inflammation of the tissue covering the brain and spinal cord (the meninges). Reports of the illness date to the 16th century, and the disease was first accurately described in 1805 (Rosenstein NE et al 2001). Meningitis is characterized by swelling of the meninges; increased pressure inside the skull blocks the flow of blood to the brain, starving the brain of nutrients and oxygen. Encephalitis, which is actual inflammation of the brain, can occur along with meningitis.
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Meningitis is a serious medical problem because it is difficult to treat. Blood flows into the brain from the neck through a network of blood vessels. This network contains special cells that prevent many chemicals from passing into the brain. This system is known as the blood-brain barrier.
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Meningitis can cause hearing damage, brain damage, amputation of limbs and death, but it can begin with mild symptoms that may initially go by unnoticed. Infants are at high risk for getting meningitis, but vulnerability increases again for adolescents and young adults as well as people with underlying diseases that affect the immune system.
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Meningitis seems to strike males more often than females and is most commonly seen in children up to the age of four years and in adults over the age of 60. Swelling of the brain, as well as epilepsy, blindness, amnesia, and deafness, can result when meningitis is not properly and promptly treated.
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Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges that results in swelling of brain tissue and sometimes spinal tissue (spinal meningitis). Swelling inhibits the flow of blood and oxygen to brain tissue. The characteristic symptoms of meningitis are stiff neck, severe headache, and fever.
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Meningitis is a term used to describe an inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain or the spinal cord. Meningitis is a potentially life-threatening condition that can rapidly progress to permanent brain damage, neurologic problems, and even death. Doctors need to treat meningitisto decide the exact cause of the problem and to prevent or reduce any long-term effects.
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