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Marxism: Friedrich Engels
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This book is the Persian translation of Terry Eagleton's book, Marxism and Literary Criticism. In this book, the author analyzes the writings of Marx, Engels, Plekhanov, Trotsky, Lukács, Goldmann, Caudwell, Benjamin, and Brecht. They are seen from four viewpoints central to Marxian thought: the relation of literature to history, the problem of 'form' and 'content' in literature, the question of literature and political commitment, and the importance of production and technology in art. Eagleton shows the part that Marxian criticism has to play in defining the crucial link between literature and historical condition, and in so doing has produced a book that is both constructive and committed.
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Lukács was an important influence on what is called 'western Marxism'. This was seen as a 'humanist' alternative to the dominant stalinist orthodoxy of the inter-War period and later. One of Lukács' most significant arguments was that (contrary to Engels) there can be no dialectics of nature. Dan Morley examines the debate and goes into the contradictory relationship between Lukács' interpretation of Marxism and Stalinism.
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Although no one treatise by Marx and his coworker Friedrich Engels covers all aspects of Marxism, the Communist Manifesto suggests many of its premises, and the monumental Das Kapital develops many of them most rigorously. Many elements of the Marxist system were drawn from earlier economic and historical thought, notably that of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, the comte de Saint-Simon, J. C. L. de Sismondi, David Ricardo, Charles Fourier, and Louis Blanc; but Marxist analysis as fully developed by Marx and Engels was unquestionably original.
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Friedrich Engels