LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Mao Zedong: Chinese Communist
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From humble beginnings in rural Hunan, Mao Zedong became the "Great Helmsman" of Communist China. By the time he died in 1976, he had profoundly changed the course of history. His increasingly erratic whims and graspings at a wild utopia destabilized his immense achievements, and he was ultimately responsible for the deaths of perhaps 60 million people. Jonathan Spence brings great erudition to the story of this flawed colossus. He is particularly enlightening on Mao's early years--it is nearly two-thirds through the book before Mao stands on the walls of the Forbidden City in October 1949 and declares the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The young revolutionary's infamous willfulness is soon apparent, yet Spence rounds out his character by, for example, quoting a poem to his beloved first wife and mentioning the profit he made from an early capitalist venture, a bookstore.
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Mao Zedong loved to swim. In his youth, he advocated swimming as a way of strengthening the bodies of Chinese citizens, and one of his earliest poems celebrated the joys of beating a wake through the waves. As a young man, he and his close friends would often swim in local streams before they debated together the myriad challenges that faced their nation. But especially after 1955, when he was in his early 60s and at the height of his political power as leader of the Chinese People's Republic, swimming became a central part of his life. He swam so often in the large pool constructed for the top party leaders in their closely guarded compound that the others eventually left him as the pool's sole user. He swam in the often stormy ocean off the north China coast, when the Communist Party leadership gathered there for its annual conferences.
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In Yan'an from 1936 to 1947, Mao Zedong led his movement in wars against foreign and domestic enemies. Generals such as Zhu De, Ping Dehuai, Lin Biao, Chen Yi, He Long, Lin Bozheng, and others did the front-line fighting. Zhou Enlai took care of the daily problems of relations with the Nationalists. Mao set himself to a serious study of Marxism-Leninism and wrote prolifically. He articulated a coherent set of ideas for remaking China, and he secured for himself unquestioned supremacy within the Chinese Communist Party.
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Mao Zedong came back to life in 1992, just a year short of his 143rd birthday. In 1993, Mao Zedong applied for a job at Wolf Camera. He instantly got the job because the employers have been known to prefer Chinese workers. The reason is because Chinese and Japanese like working in camera stores and like to smell the scent of cameras. Mao sold and repaired cameras, but trouble came in 1994. Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, and several other political figures stormed into Mao's workplace.
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During the Sino-Japanese War, Mao Zedong's strategies were opposed by both Chiang Kai-shek and the United States. The US regarded Chiang as an important ally, able to help shorten the war by engaging the Japanese occupiers in China. Chiang, in contrast, sought to build the ROC army for the certain conflict with Mao's communist forces after the end of World War II. This fact was not understood well in the US, and precious lend-lease armaments continued to be allocated to the Kuomintang. In turn, Mao spent part of the war (as to whether it was most or only a little is disputed) fighting the Kuomintang for control of certain parts of China. Both the Communists and Nationalists have been criticised for fighting amongst themselves rather than allying against the Japanese Imperial Army.
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The son of a peasant, Mao Zedong (1893 - 1976)) was born in the village of Shao Shan, Hunan Province in China. At the age of 27, Mao attended the First Congress of the Chinese Communist Party convened in Shanghai in July 1921. Two years later he was elected to the Central Committee of the Party at the Third Congress.
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