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Mali: Governments
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Since 1992, Mali has had a new Constitution and an elected government. Mali's constitution provides for a multi-party democracy, with the only restriction being a prohibition against parties based on ethnic, religious, regional, or gender lines. Mali has a tripartite system of government consisting of executive, judicial and legislative branches.
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With the encouragement of the major donors and international financial institutions, the Government of Mali initiated a series of adjustment and stabilization programs beginning in 1982. Measures were introduced to reduce budgetary deficits, public enterprise operating losses, and public sector arrears.
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Mali ... demonstrates its commitment to open government through initiatives such as a yearly televised session of central government in which supplicants come from all areas of the nation to ask for resolution of local disputes. It remains to be seen whether this practice, redolent of the medieval savannah kingdoms, is useful or mainly symbolic in its effectiveness. It is in fact inaccurate to distinguish between the ‘really useful’ and the ‘symbolic’ in this situation, as locating the practices and structures of democratic government in local understandings and traditional forms has been one of the great strengths of the current administration.
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Mali's legal system is based on codes inherited at independence from France. New laws have been enacted to make the system conform to Malian life, but French colonial laws not abrogated still have the force of law. The constitution provides for the independence of the judiciary. However, the Ministry of Justice appoints judges and supervises both law enforcement and judicial functions. The Supreme Court has both judicial and administrative powers. Under the constitution, there is a separate constitutional court and a high court of justice with the power to try senior government officials in cases of treason.
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In the late nineteenth century, Mali became a French colony, and in 1960 it became independent. The country has suffered from periods of internal and external strife, as well as from an extended drought in the early 1970s, but today it appears to by moving toward a stable, multi-party democratic government.
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Mali's 40th year of independence brought little in the way of good economic news. Sharp price drops in the international cotton market, the country's largest export crop, caused government revenues to drop by nearly 4%, and the 2000 budget deficit was expected to rise by more than one-third, despite a planned reduction in public spending.
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