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Malcolm X
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Malcolm X was one of this century's most charismatic leaders, a man so complex and influential that his name still stirs argument 30 years after his murder. This program brings you his complete story, beginning with his childhood in the racist and segregated America of the Jazz Age and his early years as the Harlem hoodlum Detroit Red. You'll follow the future leader through his prison conversion and rise to prominence with the Nation of Islam, where he became a voice of hope for African-Americans. Interviews, photos and film footage reveal a life of continuous growth and change, a life cut short as greater possibilities seemed to be on the horizon. Take an in-depth look at the controversial man who shocked a nation out of comfortable complacency and whose boldness gave hope to millions of African Americans. USA, 1999, B&W/Color, 50 minutes.
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Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska. His father, a Baptist minister, was an outspoken follower of Marcus Garvey, the Black nationalist leader in the 1920s who advocated a "back-to-Africa" movement for African Americans. During Malcolm's early years his family moved several times because they were threatened by Ku Klux Klansmen in Omaha; their home was burned in Michigan; and when Malcolm was 6 years old, his father was murdered. For a time his mother and her eight children lived on public welfare. When his mother became mentally ill, Malcolm was sent to a foster home. His mother remained in a mental institution for about 26 years.
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Muslim leader who is often called the "new" Malcolm X has some rather timely articles which came out recently on the New Islamic Directions website. In Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Barack Obama, and the Fate of America Zaid Shakir reflects on a theme which has frequently
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Malcolm X had a profound influence on both blacks and whites. Many blacks responded to a feeling that he was a man of the people, experienced in the ways of the street rather than the pulpit or the college campus, which traditionally had provided the preponderance of black leaders. Many young whites responded to Malcolm's blunt, colorful language and unwillingness to retreat in the face of hostility.
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Malcolm X divides the life of the African-American activist Malcolm X into three sections. The first section deals with the troubled childhood of Malcolm Little, whose father, a preacher, was murdered by the Black Legion and whose mother was institutionalized for insanity. Malcolm grows up and gets a job as a Pullman porter, calling himself Detroit Red. Getting involved with a Harlem gangster named West Indian Archie with whom he has a falling out, Malcolm flees to Boston and decides to become a burglar. He and his best friend, Shorty (played by Spike Lee) are arrested by the police and Malcolm is sentenced to a ten-year prison term. The second section follows Malcolm's life in prison, where a fellow inmate, Baines, introduces him to the teachings of the Nation of Islam.
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On February 21, 1965, the black leader Malcolm X was assassinated as he started to address a rally in New York City. Malcolm X was a controversial figure. He had spent time in jail as a street criminal. As spokesman for Elijah Mohammed's Nation of Islam, he articulated a virulently antiwhite program of black self-help. After a trip to Mecca, he broke with Elijah Mohammed and his antiwhite policies to form an independent political group expressing both national and international concerns.
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Malcolm X