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Malcolm X: African Americans
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The issue of violence loomed large in Malcolm X's rhetoric. In this speech and elsewhere, he refused to repudiate violence, realizing that most of the white Americans who applauded King's nonviolence would not react nonviolently themselves in the face of brutality. By refusing to embrace nonviolence, Malcolm X made King look more moderate and more palatable than he would otherwise have appeared.
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In the exciting and inspiring years of the Civil Rights struggle in the USA the career and message of the Afro-American activist Malcolm X was at least controversial, to some, frightening and threatening. Although he was assassinated in 1965, his memory is still surrounded by controversy.
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Haley’s The Autobiography of Malcolm X was published in 1965, right after Malcolm X’s death. It had sold 6 million copies by 1977. His 1976 novel, Roots, was the source of the 1977 television miniseries that set records for viewers up to that point in TV history. Haley won the 1977 American Book Award for Roots. Haley died of a heart attack in 1992.
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Death came moments after Malcolm stepped up to a flimsy plywood lectern in Manhattan's Audubon Ballroom, just north of Harlem, to address 400 of the faithful and the curious at a Sunday afternoon rally of his fledgling Organization of Afro-American Unity. The extermination plot was clever in conception, swift and smooth in execution. Two men popped to their feet in the front rows of wooden folding chairs, one yelling at the other: “Get your hands off my pockets, don't be messing with my pockets.” Four of Malcolm's six bodyguards moved toward the pair; Malcolm himself chided, “Let's cool it.”
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